[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-seo-672287-105":3,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":80,"doc-detail-672287-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"ok",{"site_id":7,"language":8,"slug":9,"title":10,"keywords":11,"description":12,"schema_data":13,"social_meta":73,"head_meta":75,"extra_data":77,"updated_unix":79},105,"en","transformers-definition-principle-of-operation","TRANSFORMERS - Definition - Principle of operation","","Transformers are static AC machines that transfer electrical power between two alternating-current circuits while changing voltage or current without changing frequency. Alternating voltage applied to the primary winding produces alternating flux in a common magnetic core, inducing EMF in both primary and secondary windings through self and mutual induction. When the secondary circuit is connected to a load, a secondary voltage appears and energy is delivered via magnetic coupling. The document also outlines key construction components such as the magnetic core, windings, tank, conservator, breather, bushings, and radiator.",{"@graph":14,"@context":72},[15,34,55],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/technology/","Technology",3,{"item":32,"name":10,"@type":21,"position":33},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/transformers-definition-principle-of-operation/672287/",4,{"url":32,"name":10,"@type":35,"image":36,"author":41,"headline":10,"publisher":44,"fileFormat":47,"inLanguage":8,"description":12,"dateModified":48,"datePublished":49,"encodingFormat":47,"isAccessibleForFree":50,"interactionStatistic":51},"DigitalDocument",{"url":37,"@type":38,"width":39,"height":40},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/transformers-definition-principle-of-operation/672287.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":42,"@type":43},"\tCallum ","Person",{"url":19,"name":45,"@type":46},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-03","2026-11-02",true,{"@type":52,"interactionType":53,"userInteractionCount":30},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":54},"ViewAction",{"@type":56,"mainEntity":57},"FAQPage",[58,64,68],{"name":59,"@type":60,"acceptedAnswer":61},"What is a transformer and what does it change in an AC circuit?","Question",{"text":62,"@type":63},"A transformer is a static apparatus that transfers electrical power from one AC circuit to another with the desired change in voltage or current. It does this without any change in frequency.","Answer",{"name":65,"@type":60,"acceptedAnswer":66},"How does a transformer work according to the operating principle?",{"text":67,"@type":63},"Alternating voltage on the primary winding produces alternating flux in the common magnetic core. That flux links both windings, causing self-induced EMF in the primary and induced EMF in the secondary through mutual induction.",{"name":69,"@type":60,"acceptedAnswer":70},"How are step-up, step-down, and one-to-one transformers determined?",{"text":71,"@type":63},"Using the transformation ratio k: if k > 1, then V2 > V1 (step up); if k \u003C 1, then V2 \u003C V1 (step down); if k = 1, then V2 = V1 (one-to-one).","https://schema.org",{"og:url":32,"og:type":74,"og:title":10,"og:site_name":45,"og:description":12},"article",{"robots":76,"canonical":32},"index,follow",{"doc_id":78,"site_id":7},672287,1793588752,{"code":4,"msg":81,"data":82},"success",[83,87,91,95,100,104,109,114,119,122,126],{"id":22,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":84,"show_sort_weight":85,"slug":86},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":26,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":88,"show_sort_weight":89,"slug":90},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":33,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":92,"show_sort_weight":93,"slug":94},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":96,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":97,"show_sort_weight":98,"slug":99},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":101,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":29,"show_sort_weight":102,"slug":103},6,50,"technology",{"id":105,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":106,"show_sort_weight":107,"slug":108},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":110,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":111,"show_sort_weight":112,"slug":113},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":115,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":116,"show_sort_weight":117,"slug":118},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":117,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":120,"show_sort_weight":117,"slug":121},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":123,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":124,"show_sort_weight":123,"slug":125},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":127,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":128,"show_sort_weight":96,"slug":129},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":81,"data":131},{"doc_id":78,"user_id":132,"nickname":42,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":101,"category_name":29,"doc_title":10,"doc_description":12,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":30,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":22,"is_downloadable":22,"audit_status":22,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":8,"site_id":7,"html_lang":8,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":12,"update_tm":79,"read_time":144},137451211410,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/2000bb0a9246f588df?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1786362646172706240","TRANSFORMERS  \nTransformer is an ac machine; the main advantage of alternating currents over direct currents is that, the alternating currents can be easily transferable from low voltage to high or high voltage to low.  \nAlternating voltages can be raised or lowered as per the requirements in the different stages of electrical network as generation, transmission, distribution and utilization. This is possible with a device called transformer.  \nDefinition:  \nTransformer is a static piece of apparatus by means of which electrical power is transferred from one alternating current circuit to another with the desired change in voltage or current and without any change in the frequency.  \nPrinciple of operation:  \nIt is a static machine and it works on the principle of statically induced emf. It consists of:  \n􀁸 Magnetic circuit and  \n􀁸 Electric circuit  \nTwo separate electrical windings are linked through a common magnetic circuit. The two electrical windings are isolated from each other.  \nThe coil in which electrical energy is fed is called primary winding while the other from which electrical energy is drawn out is called secondary winding.  \nThe primary winding has N 1 number of turns while secondary winding has N2 number of turns.  \nWhen primary winding is excited by alternating voltage say V 1, it circulates alternating current I 1 through it. This current produces an alternating flux‘􀁉’which completes its path through the common magnetic core.  \nThis flux links with both the windings. Because of this, it produces self induced emf E 1 in the primary winding while due to mutual induction i.e. due to flux produced by primary linking with secondary, it produces induced emf E 2 in secondary winding.  \nThese emf’s are:  \nE1 􀀠 􀀐 N1 dd􀁉t E2 􀀠 􀀐 N2 dd􀁉t  \nIf now secondary circuit is closed through the load, the mutually induced emf in the secondary winding circulates current through the load. Thus electrical energy is transferred from primary to secondary with the help of magnetic core. A voltage V2 appears across the load. Hence V 1 is the supply voltage, while V 2 is the secondary voltage when load is connected, then:  \nV N 􀂧 N 􀂷  \nV~~1~~2 􀀠 N~~1~~2~~ ~~ or V2 􀀠 V1 􀂨􀂩 ~~ ~~N~~2~~1~~ ~~􀂹􀂸  \nk 􀀠 NN~~2~~ 􀀠 EE~~2~~ 􀀠 Transformation ratio  \n1 1  \nIf k > 1, then V2 > V 1, transformer is called step up transformer.  \nIf k \u003C 1, then V2 \u003C V 1, transformers is called step down transformers.  \nIf k = 1, then V2 = V 1, then transformer is called one to one transformer.  \nThe current flowing through primary is I 1 and when load is connected current I 2 flows through secondary voltage. The power transfer from primary to secondary remains the same. Assuming both primary and secondary power factor to be the same, we can write:  \nPower input to primary = Power output from secondary  \nV 1 I 1 = V2 I2  \nV1 􀀠 I2 􀀠 N1  􀀠  E1 V2 I1 N2 E2  \nConstruction of a transformer:  \nThere are basic parts of a transformer:  \n(1) Magnetic core  \n(2) Windings or coils  \n(3) Tank or Body  \n(4) Conservator Tank  \n(5) Breather  \n(6) Radiator  \n(7) Bushings  \nCore: The transformer core is made of silicon steel or sheet steel with 4 % silicon. The sheets are laminated and are coated with Oxide layer to reduce iron losses. The thickness of lamination is 0.35mm for 60 Hz and 5mm for 25Hz.  \nThe core of the transformer is either square or rectangular in size. It is further divided in to two parts. The vertical portion on which coils are wound is called limb while the top and bottom horizontal portion is called yoke of the core.  \nThe core is made up of laminations. Because of laminated type of construction, eddy current losses get minimized. Generally high-grade silicon steel laminations are used. These laminations are insulated from each other by using insulation like varnish.  \nThe purpose of the core is to provide magnetic path of low reluctance between the two windings so that the total flux produced by one of the winding will be linked fully with the other winding with","cbCaiis92LsYeRlo","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiis92LsYeRlo","pdf",1235228,23,"English","# Transformer definition\n## Principle of operation\n## Transformation ratio and step up/down\n## Power relation between primary and secondary\n# Construction of a transformer\n## Magnetic core\n## Windings (primary and secondary)\n## Tank/body and transformer oil\n## Conservator tank and breather\n## Bushings and radiator","[{\"question\":\"What is a transformer and what does it change in an AC circuit?\",\"answer\":\"A transformer is a static apparatus that transfers electrical power from one AC circuit to another with the desired change in voltage or current. It does this without any change in frequency.\"},{\"question\":\"How does a transformer work according to the operating principle?\",\"answer\":\"Alternating voltage on the primary winding produces alternating flux in the common magnetic core. That flux links both windings, causing self-induced EMF in the primary and induced EMF in the secondary through mutual induction.\"},{\"question\":\"How are step-up, step-down, and one-to-one transformers determined?\",\"answer\":\"Using the transformation ratio k: if k \\u003e 1, then V2 \\u003e V1 (step up); if k \\u003c 1, then V2 \\u003c V1 (step down); if k = 1, then V2 = V1 (one-to-one).\"}]","TRANSFORMERS - Definition - Principle of operation | PDF",58]