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Advances in transcriptome analysis tools, including qRT-PCR, microarrays, and RNA sequencing, have expanded understanding of recurrent HCC pathogenesis and enabled prediction models built on differentially expressed gene signatures. Single-cell RNA sequencing further clarifies interactions between cancer cells and the immune tumor microenvironment, supporting studies of immune-cell roles and potential therapeutic targets. The review synthesizes these transcriptome findings for diagnostics, surveillance, and treatment within a causal framework of primary cancer cells, carcinogenic stimuli, and the tumor microenvironment.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/transcriptome-analysis-creates-a-new-era-of-precision-medicine-for-managing-recurrent-hepatocellular-carcinoma/382104/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/transcriptome-analysis-creates-a-new-era-of-precision-medicine-for-managing-recurrent-hepatocellular-carcinoma/382104.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"acoobca","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-27","2026-09-24",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":44},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"Why is detecting recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma important after curative treatment?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"High recurrence rates after surgery create a major threat to patient outcomes, and earlier detection can expand available treatment options.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"What transcriptome technologies are highlighted for studying recurrent HCC?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"The review discusses real-time quantitative reverse transcription PCR, microarrays, RNA sequencing, and single-cell RNA sequencing to investigate disease mechanisms and build prediction models.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"How does the review structure the understanding of recurrent HCC?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"It synthesizes transcriptome findings within a causal model consisting of three domains: primary cancer cells, carcinogenic stimuli, and the tumor microenvironment.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},382104,1790603419,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":44,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145},3985747870733,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_a8503ba1806abce46bf441b54a3ca4cd","| W | J | G | World Journal of\u003Cbr>Gastroenterology |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- |\n\nSubmit a Manuscript: [https://www.f6publishing.com](https://www.f6publishing.com) World J Gastroenterol 2023 February 7; 29(5): 780-799  \nDOI: 10.3748/wjg.v29.i5.780 ISSN 1007-9327 (print) ISSN 2219-2840 (online)  \nREVIEW  \nTranscriptome analysis creates a new era of precision medicine for managing recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma  \nChun-Cheng Chiang, Hsuan Yeh, Siew-Na Lim, Wey-Ran Lin  \nSpecialty type: Gastroenterology and hepatology  \nProvenance and peer review:  \nInvited article; Externally peer reviewed.  \nPeer-review model: Single blind  \nPeer-review report’s scientific quality classification  \nGrade A (Excellent): A  \nGrade B (Very good): B  \nGrade C (Good): C  \nGrade D (Fair): D  \nGrade E (Poor): 0  \nP-Reviewer: Liu L, China; Rojas A, Chile; Yang J, China  \nReceived: October 17, 2022  \nPeer-review started: October 17, 2022  \nFirst decision: November 15, 2022  \nRevised: November 23, 2022  \nAccepted: January 10, 2023  \nArticle in press: January 10, 2023  \nPublished online: February 7, 2023  \nChun-Cheng Chiang, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, United States  \nHsuan Yeh, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States  \nSiew-Na Lim, Department of Neurology, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan  \nSiew-Na Lim, Wey-Ran Lin, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan  \nWey-Ran Lin, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan  \nCorresponding author: Wey-Ran Lin, MD, PhD, AGAF, Professor, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, No. 5 Fu-Shin Street, Taoyuan 333, [Taiwan.](Taiwan. t12360@adm.cgmh.org.tw)[ t12360@adm.cgmh.org.tw](Taiwan. t12360@adm.cgmh.org.tw)  \nAbstract  \nThe high incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) recurrence negatively impacts outcomes of patients treated with curative intent despite advances in surgical techniques and other locoregional liver-targeting therapies. Over the past few decades, the emergence of transcriptome analysis tools, including real-time quantitative reverse transcription PCR, microarrays, and RNA sequencing, has not only largely contributed to our knowledge about the pathogenesis of recurrent HCC but also led to the development of outcome prediction models based on differentially expressed gene signatures. In recent years, the single-cell RNA sequencing technique has revolutionized our ability to study the complicated crosstalk between cancer cells and the immune environment, which may benefit further investigations on the role of different immune cells in HCC recurrence and the identification of potential therapeutic targets. In the present article, we summarized the major findings yielded with these transcriptome methods within the framework of a causal model consisting of three domains: primary cancer cells; carcinogenic stimuli; and tumor microenvironment. We provided a comprehensive review of the insights that transcriptome analyses have provided into diagnostics, surveillance, and treatment of HCC recurrence.  \nKey Words: Recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma; Microarrays; RNA sequencing; Singlecell RNA sequencing; Precision medicine; Tumor heterogeneity; Tumor microenviron-  \n WJG  [https://www.wjgnet.com](https://www.wjgnet.com) 780 February 7, 2023  Volume 29  Issue 5   \nChiang CC et al. Recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma  \nment  \n©The Author(s) 2023. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.  \nCore Tip: The high incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) recurrence seriously threatens patient outcomes. This review detailed how various transcriptome profiling methods have contributed to our understanding of recurrent HCC with respect to the carcinogenicity of primary cancer cells, carcinogenic stimuli, and tumor microenvironments, which show great promi","cbCaipfHcBeBZjsF","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaipfHcBeBZjsF","pdf",929707,21,"English","# Introduction\n# Post-treatment surveillance and its limitations\n# Transcriptome profiling approaches\n## qRT-PCR, microarrays, and bulk RNA sequencing\n## Single-cell RNA sequencing and immune crosstalk\n# Causal framework for recurrent HCC\n## Primary cancer cells\n## Carcinogenic stimuli\n## Tumor microenvironment","[{\"question\":\"Why is detecting recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma important after curative treatment?\",\"answer\":\"High recurrence rates after surgery create a major threat to patient outcomes, and earlier detection can expand available treatment options.\"},{\"question\":\"What transcriptome technologies are highlighted for studying recurrent HCC?\",\"answer\":\"The review discusses real-time quantitative reverse transcription PCR, microarrays, RNA sequencing, and single-cell RNA sequencing to investigate disease mechanisms and build prediction models.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the review structure the understanding of recurrent HCC?\",\"answer\":\"It synthesizes transcriptome findings within a causal model consisting of three domains: primary cancer cells, carcinogenic stimuli, and the tumor microenvironment.\"}]","Transcriptome analysis creates a new era of precision medicine for managing recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma | PDF",1790249071,53]