[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-435701-105":59,"doc-detail-435701-en":131},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":124,"head_meta":126,"extra_data":128,"updated_unix":130},105,"en","transcranial-focused-ultrasound-for-precision-modulation-in-schizophrenia-spectrum-disorders-letter-to-the-editor","Transcranial focused ultrasound for precision modulation in schizophrenia spectrum disorders - Letter to the Editor","","Letter to the Editor discusses schizophrenia as a chronic neuropsychiatric disorder with hallucinations, delusions, and cognitive disturbances, noting poor clinical improvement, high mortality linked to suicide risk and comorbidities, and frequent resistance to available antipsychotics. It presents low-intensity transcranial focused ultrasound (tFUS) as a noninvasive neuromodulation approach with millimeter-level targeting that avoids thermal tissue damage. The letter highlights promising findings and treatment-resistant outcomes, then emphasizes current limitations such as small samples, inconsistent reporting, limited dose-response data, uncertainty in mechanism, and inadequate monitoring, calling for larger standardized long-term trials.",{"@graph":69,"@context":123},[70,84,106],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/transcranial-focused-ultrasound-for-precision-modulation-in-schizophrenia-spectrum-disorders-letter-to-the-editor/435701/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/transcranial-focused-ultrasound-for-precision-modulation-in-schizophrenia-spectrum-disorders-letter-to-the-editor/435701.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"acoobca","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-01","2026-09-29",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":105},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",11,{"@type":107,"mainEntity":108},"FAQPage",[109,115,119],{"name":110,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":112},"What problem does the letter address about current schizophrenia treatment?","Question",{"text":113,"@type":114},"It notes low rates of clinical improvement, high mortality risk, frequent failure and rebound psychosis events, and widespread resistance to available antipsychotic medications.","Answer",{"name":116,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":117},"How does low-intensity transcranial focused ultrasound (tFUS) work according to the letter?",{"text":118,"@type":114},"tFUS uses low-intensity acoustic waves to induce changes in neuronal activity without causing thermal damage or tissue alterations, enabling precise targeting of dysfunctional networks.",{"name":120,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":121},"What limitations of existing tFUS trials are highlighted?",{"text":122,"@type":114},"The letter points to small sample sizes, lack of reliable human effect data, insufficient dose–response and open-label follow-up studies, high cost, inconsistent outcome reporting, unclear neuromodulation mechanism, and limited monitoring of stimulated regions.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":125,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":127,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":129,"site_id":62},435701,1790767445,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":132},{"doc_id":129,"user_id":133,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":105,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":14,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":24,"preview_page_count":4},3985747870733,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_a8503ba1806abce46bf441b54a3ca4cd","Letter to the Editor  \nTranscranial focused ultrasound for precision modulation in schizophrenia spectrum disorders  \nFahad Amin, MBBSa , Fatima Rasool, MBBSa , Raghabendra Kumar Mahato, MBBSb ,*  \nTo the Editor,  \nSchizophrenia is a complex and chronic neuropsychiatric disorder that results in symptoms such as hallucinations, delusions, and cognitive disturbances. Onset typically occurs in late adolescence or early adulthood. Studies indicate that individuals with a family history of schizophrenia are much more likely to develop it later in life[1]. Rates of clinical improvement are typically low in individuals diagnosed with it, and the mortality rate is high due to suicide risk and medical comorbidities. Unfortunately, the currently available treatment options have yielded unsatisfactory results due to high rates of failure and rebound psychosis events[2]. Moreover, a vast majority of the individuals suffering from schizophrenia are typically resistant to the available antipsychotic medications.  \nLow-intensity transcranial focused ultrasound (tFUS) is emerging as a new technique among noninvasive brain stimulation technologies. It offers exceptional precision in targeting neural circuits. tFUS can stimulate deep brain structures with millimeterlevel precision. It can thus target those noncortical regions that are inaccessible to typical electromagnetic stimulation techniques. In this technique, low-intensity acoustic waves induce changes in neuronal activity in both the central and peripheral nervous systems without causing thermal damage or tissue alterations[3]. These characteristics make tFUS particularly promising for treating schizophrenia by precisely targeting dysfunctional thalamic and limbic networks. This technology promises a new hope for patients who have not responded to conventional pharmacological interventions.  \nStudies analyzing tFUS have reported remarkable improvement of many mental disorders, including treatment-resistant depression and anxiety. In treatment-resistant depression, the use oftFUS showed marked neuropsychological improvement[4], i.e., stability in the domains of processing speed, sustained attention, cognitive flexibility, verbal fluency, anterograde memory, working memory, and inhibition. It is hypothesized that tFUS can be  \naFaculty of Medicine, King Edward Medical University, Lahore, Pakistan and bDepartment of Medicine, Gandaki Medical College Teaching Hospital and Research Centre, Pokhara, Nepal  \nSponsorships or competing interests that may be relevant to content are disclosed at the end of this article.  \n*Corresponding author. Address: Department of Medicine, Institution Gandaki Medical College Teaching Hospital and Research Centre, Pokhara, Nepal. [E-mail:102raghabendrakumarmahato@gmail.com](E-mail:102raghabendrakumarmahato@gmail.com) (R.K. Mahato).  \nCopyright © 2025 The Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. This isan open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons AttributionNon Commercial-No Derivatives License 4.0 (CCBY-NC-ND), where it is permissible to download and share the work provided it is properly cited. The work cannot be changed in any way or used commercially without permission from the journal. Annals of Medicine & Surgery (2026) 88:1058–1059  \nReceived 10 November 2025; Accepted 12 November 2025  \nPublished online 25 November 2025  \n[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/MS9.0000000000004416](http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/MS9.0000000000004416)  \nused for the treatment of symptoms in the schizophrenic spectrum of disorders as well. Some trials are being conducted to see the efficacy and safety of tFUS for schizophrenia.  \nHowever, the trials to assess the efficacy oftFUS up till now have certain limitations. First, there is a lack of reliable studies reporting the exact effect oftFUS in humans. In almost all the trials published till now, the sample size is too small to assess tFUS clinical interpretability. There is a lack of dose–response ","cbCaib1i8K862nqg","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaib1i8K862nqg","pdf",164565,"English","# Background on schizophrenia and unmet treatment needs\n## Rationale for low-intensity tFUS\n## Evidence from related mental health conditions\n## Limitations of existing schizophrenia tFUS trials\n## Conclusion and need for further research","[{\"question\":\"What problem does the letter address about current schizophrenia treatment?\",\"answer\":\"It notes low rates of clinical improvement, high mortality risk, frequent failure and rebound psychosis events, and widespread resistance to available antipsychotic medications.\"},{\"question\":\"How does low-intensity transcranial focused ultrasound (tFUS) work according to the letter?\",\"answer\":\"tFUS uses low-intensity acoustic waves to induce changes in neuronal activity without causing thermal damage or tissue alterations, enabling precise targeting of dysfunctional networks.\"},{\"question\":\"What limitations of existing tFUS trials are highlighted?\",\"answer\":\"The letter points to small sample sizes, lack of reliable human effect data, insufficient dose–response and open-label follow-up studies, high cost, inconsistent outcome reporting, unclear neuromodulation mechanism, and limited monitoring of stimulated regions.\"}]","Transcranial focused ultrasound for precision modulation in schizophrenia spectrum disorders - Letter to the Editor | PDF",1790674846]