[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-detail-603335-en":59,"doc-seo-603335-105":81},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":60},{"doc_id":61,"user_id":62,"nickname":63,"user_avatar":64,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":66,"doc_content":67,"file_id":68,"file_url":69,"file_type":70,"file_size":71,"view_count":8,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":72,"language":73,"language_code":74,"site_id":75,"html_lang":74,"table_of_contents":76,"faqs":77,"seo_title":78,"seo_description":66,"update_tm":79,"read_time":80},603335,962090895452,"moss~","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_a8503ba1806abce46bf441b54a3ca4cd","Training School Leaders Who Will Promote Educational Justice - What, Why, and How?","This article examines social justice as a pathway to educational equity for all children, focusing on training school leaders who can build democratic K-12 schools and respond to persistent inequality. It discusses how a doctorate in educational justice is designed through needs assessment, consensus building, curriculum development, and ensuring faculty voice. The text frames the achievement gap through research on race, ethnicity, poverty, and social class effects on academic outcomes.","Training School Leaders Who  \nWill Promote Educational Justice: What, Why, and How?  \nJosé W. Lalas  \nUniversity of Redlands  \nRonald D. Morgan  \nUniversity of Redlands  \nAbstract: This article examines social justice asa vehicle for equity for all children. It focuses on the training of school leaders who can promote democratic schools and address inequality in K-12 schools. It outlines the needs assessment, consensus building, curriculum, and faculty voice in establishing a doctorate in educational justice.  \nClosing the achievement gap between White, middle class students and minority students who have a lower socio-economic status classificationis a common outcry in education circles today. Indeed, recent studies document the assertion that students in urban public schools face many educational challenges and failures associated with race, ethnicity, poverty, and social inequality (Johnson, Finn, & Lewis, 2005; Kozol, 2005; Kincheloe, 2004; Rothstein, 2004; Rumberger & Gandara, 2004). Rothstein (2004) explained that social class is a strong predictor of academic achievement in standardized measures and that school reforms alone such as higher standards, better teachers, more accountability, better discipline, and other educational best practices are not enough to narrow  \nVolume 18, Fall 2006 21  \nthe academic gap between White, middle class students and their minority and lower-class counterparts. Noguera (2005) characterized problems in education as a manifestation of social inequality rather than lack of technical capacity. He asserted that while we have the knowledge and resources to educate young people, the real question is “whether or not we care enough to provide all students, regardless of race and class, with a good education. So far the answer is no”(pp. 11-13).  \nIn “Divided We Fail: Issues of Equity in American Schools,” England (2005) discussed, with telling examples, the inequities plaguing the spectrum of issues that are essential to serving the needs of all students in our schools: inequity within diversity, inequity within assessment, inequity within standards, and inequity in curriculum. However, she also explained that “our situation is far from hopeless… Thereis time to act, a will to act, and a means to act. We have the resources to enact best practices, the technology to make our country more cohesive instead of more divisive, and the intelligence to engage in revolt, reform, and resolution”(p. 128).  \nWith the intent to find solutions in addressing social inequality inK- 12 schools, we report in this article the action we are taking in our university to facilitate the training of school leaders including teachers, counselors, and administrators who can promote socially-just and democratic schools. Specifically, we describe here the challenges we encountered includingthe specific issues and procedures raised by the faculty, support staff, university administrators and trustees, and local superintendents and principals and the processes we undertook in creating a doctorate program that emphasizes topics related to diversity, equity, and social justice. We also share how we established the needs for this typeof training program and clearly outline and explain the steps we took in building consensus to establish a doctorate program with an emphasis in educational justice.  \nDuring the final phase of creating this Doctor of Education (Ed.D.) program, we considered the scathing report by Arthur Levine, president of Columbia University’s Teachers College, on the inadequacy of Ed.D. in preparing K-12 school administrators and where he called for its elimination. In this four-year study of more than 1,200 education schools and departments in the United States, Levine (2005) found that too many educational leadership programs did not have a coherent curriculum, suffered from low admission standards and weak faculties, produced watered-down dissertations, and served as “cash cows” for other higher-priority pro","cbCainldnmBD816r","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCainldnmBD816r","pdf",43338,14,"English","en",105,"# Abstract\n# Achievement gap and educational inequality\n# Social justice as a vehicle for educational justice\n# Promoting social justice in K-12 schools\n# Designing a doctorate in educational justice","[{\"question\":\"What is the article’s main purpose regarding K-12 education?\",\"answer\":\"To explain how training school leaders can promote educational justice by addressing inequality in K-12 schools through a doctorate program framework.\"},{\"question\":\"Which factors does the article link to the achievement gap?\",\"answer\":\"It describes challenges related to race, ethnicity, poverty, and broader social inequality, noting that school reforms alone are not sufficient to narrow the academic gap.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the article propose establishing a doctorate program in educational justice?\",\"answer\":\"It outlines steps including needs assessment, consensus building, curriculum planning, and incorporating faculty voice while engaging relevant stakeholders.\"}]","Training School Leaders Who Will Promote Educational Justice - What, Why, and How? | PDF",1792096098,35,{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":83},"ok",{"site_id":75,"language":74,"slug":84,"title":65,"keywords":85,"description":66,"schema_data":86,"social_meta":140,"head_meta":142,"extra_data":144,"updated_unix":145},"training-school-leaders-who-will-promote-educational-justice-what-why-and-how","",{"@graph":87,"@context":139},[88,102,122],{"@type":89,"itemListElement":90},"BreadcrumbList",[91,95,97,100],{"item":92,"name":93,"@type":94,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":96,"name":9,"@type":94,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":98,"name":40,"@type":94,"position":99},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":101,"name":65,"@type":94,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/training-school-leaders-who-will-promote-educational-justice-what-why-and-how/603335/",{"url":101,"name":65,"@type":103,"image":104,"author":109,"headline":65,"publisher":111,"fileFormat":114,"inLanguage":74,"description":66,"dateModified":115,"datePublished":116,"encodingFormat":114,"isAccessibleForFree":117,"interactionStatistic":118},"DigitalDocument",{"url":105,"@type":106,"width":107,"height":108},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/training-school-leaders-who-will-promote-educational-justice-what-why-and-how/603335.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":63,"@type":110},"Person",{"url":92,"name":112,"@type":113},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-16","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":119,"interactionType":120,"userInteractionCount":8},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":121},"ViewAction",{"@type":123,"mainEntity":124},"FAQPage",[125,131,135],{"name":126,"@type":127,"acceptedAnswer":128},"What is the article’s main purpose regarding K-12 education?","Question",{"text":129,"@type":130},"To explain how training school leaders can promote educational justice by addressing inequality in K-12 schools through a doctorate program framework.","Answer",{"name":132,"@type":127,"acceptedAnswer":133},"Which factors does the article link to the achievement gap?",{"text":134,"@type":130},"It describes challenges related to race, ethnicity, poverty, and broader social inequality, noting that school reforms alone are not sufficient to narrow the academic gap.",{"name":136,"@type":127,"acceptedAnswer":137},"How does the article propose establishing a doctorate program in educational justice?",{"text":138,"@type":130},"It outlines steps including needs assessment, consensus building, curriculum planning, and incorporating faculty voice while engaging relevant stakeholders.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":101,"og:type":141,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":112,"og:description":66},"article",{"robots":143,"canonical":101},"index,follow",{"doc_id":61,"site_id":75},1792115810]