[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-108305-en":3,"doc-seo-108305-105":30,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":92},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":4,"category_id":11,"category_name":12,"doc_title":13,"doc_description":14,"doc_content":15,"file_id":16,"file_url":17,"file_type":18,"file_size":19,"view_count":20,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":21,"is_downloadable":21,"audit_status":21,"page_count":22,"language":23,"language_code":24,"site_id":25,"html_lang":24,"table_of_contents":26,"faqs":27,"seo_title":13,"seo_description":14,"update_tm":28,"read_time":29},108305,16904993612988,"Olivia Brown","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_a8503ba1806abce46bf441b54a3ca4cd",8,"Research & Report","Trade Outcomes and Global Value Chain Integration in the Dominican Republic - Policy Note","Examines trade performance and growth potential of the Dominican Republic as an engine for economic development. Findings show export and import growth alongside weaker trade outcomes over the past decade, driven by heavy reliance on imported inputs that widens the trade deficit. Despite GDP growth, exports-to-GDP declines, indicating limited export-led integration. Highlights export concentration, special economic zones as key contributors, and the need for GVC upgrading, diversification, and improved market access utilization.","Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized  \nTRADE OUTCOMES AND GLOBAL VALUE CHAIN INTEGRATION IN THE DOMINICAN  \nREPUBLIC 1  \nJune 2023  \n1 This policy note has been prepared by Alvaro Espitia (Consultant, Trade Global Practice), Fausto Patiño Peña (Economist, Finance Competitiveness and Investment LAC region, World Bank) and Mike Nyawo (consultant, Trade global Practice, World Bank) under the guidance of Nadia Rocha (Lead Economist, Trade Global Practice World Bank) .  \nLIST OF ABBREVIATIONS  \nCAFTA  \nCARIFORUM  \nCEI-RD CNZFEDRDGADGIIECLACEPA EU FDI GDP GVC HS LAC MFAMFN OECD PTARCASEZ SPSSEZ TCD UK UN  \nUNCTAD USAWDI WTO  \nCentral American Free Trade Area Caribbean Forum  \nCentro de Exportación e Inversión de la República Dominicana Consejo Nacional de Zonas Francas de Exportación Dominican Republic  \nDirección General de Aduanas de la República Dominicana Dirección General de Impuestos Internos de la República Dominicana Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean Economic Partnership Agreement  \nEuropean Union Foreign Direct Investment Gross Domestic Product Global value chain Harmonized System  \nLatin America and the Caribbean Multi Fiber Arrangement  \nMost Favored Nation  \nOrganization for Economic Co-operation and Development Preferential trade agreement  \nRevealed Comparative Advantage Special economic zone  \nSanitary and phytosanitary measures Special Economic Zone  \nTrade and Competitiveness Data United Kingdom  \nUnited Nations  \nUnited Nations Conference on Trade and Development United States of America  \nWorld Development Indicators  \nWorld Trade Organization  \nEXECUTIVE SUMMARY  \nThis policy note examines the trade performance and potential of the Dominican Republic (DR) asan engine for economic growth.2 The analysis reveals that while the DR has witnessed an increase in both exports and imports, its trade outcomes have underperformed over the past decade, indicating untapped potential in key markets. Although the country has benefited from trade agreements with main commercial partners, the reliance on imported inputs for production has led to a sustained increase in its trade deficit. Furthermore, despite the growth in GDP, the share of exports to GDP has decreased, suggesting that the DR's economic growth has not been driven by its integration with foreign markets.  \nThe report highlights the need for diversification in the DR's export basket, as it continues to be concentrated on a few products. Although the country has made progress in diversifying away from textiles into sectors like foodstuffs, machinery/electricals, and chemicals, the top five export products (gold, cigars, circuit breakers, medical and veterinary instruments, and jewelry) still account for a significant portion of all exports (more than 40 percent) . This concentration suggests that the DR remains vulnerable to external shocks. While the US is the most important export destination, the share of exports to the US has declined, offset by increased exports to the EU, Haiti, and emerging markets like Switzerland, India, and China. However, diversification in both products and destinations is crucial for the DR to expand its export potential and mitigate risks.  \nThe report identifies special economic zones (SEZs) as main contributors to export performance and sophistication in the DR. SEZ firms, which primarily focus on manufacturing goods, have contributed significantly to the country's exports. However, despite their dominance, the report highlights the need for spillover effects and linkages with the local economy, which have been limited thus far. Additionally, the report emphasizes the importance of integrating the DR into global value chains (GVCs) to further enhance trade outcomes. The country's participation in GVCs remains below that of neighboring countries, and there is potential for the DR to upgrade its value chains and capture larger gains by increasing forward participation.  \nTo capitalize on its tr","cbCairUNnSuq6Ze8","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCairUNnSuq6Ze8","pdf",1018438,7,1,40,"English","en",105,"# Executive Summary\n## Trade performance and outcomes\n## Export diversification and destination shifts\n## Special economic zones and linkages\n## Global value chain integration and upgrading\n## Policy recommendations and constraints\n# Introduction","[{\"question\":\"How has trade performance evolved in the Dominican Republic over the past decade?\",\"answer\":\"Exports and imports have increased, but overall trade outcomes have underperformed. The trade deficit has grown due to continued reliance on imported inputs for production.\"},{\"question\":\"Why does the report emphasize export diversification?\",\"answer\":\"The export basket remains concentrated in a few products that account for a large share of exports. Concentration creates vulnerability to external shocks, so diversification across products and destinations is needed.\"},{\"question\":\"What role do special economic zones and global value chains play?\",\"answer\":\"Special economic zone firms significantly contribute to exports, but linkages and spillover effects to the local economy have been limited. Participation in global value chains is below neighboring countries, with potential to upgrade value chains and gain more from forward participation.\"}]",1784470266,101,{"code":4,"msg":31,"data":32},"ok",{"site_id":25,"language":24,"slug":33,"title":13,"keywords":34,"description":14,"schema_data":35,"social_meta":87,"head_meta":89,"extra_data":91,"updated_unix":28},"trade-outcomes-and-global-value-chain-integration-in-the-dominican-republic-policy-note","",{"@graph":36,"@context":86},[37,54,69],{"@type":38,"itemListElement":39},"BreadcrumbList",[40,44,48,51],{"item":41,"name":42,"@type":43,"position":21},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":45,"name":46,"@type":43,"position":47},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":49,"name":12,"@type":43,"position":50},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":52,"name":13,"@type":43,"position":53},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/trade-outcomes-and-global-value-chain-integration-in-the-dominican-republic-policy-note/108305/",4,{"url":52,"name":13,"@type":55,"author":56,"headline":13,"publisher":58,"fileFormat":61,"inLanguage":24,"description":14,"dateModified":62,"datePublished":63,"encodingFormat":61,"isAccessibleForFree":64,"interactionStatistic":65},"DigitalDocument",{"name":9,"@type":57},"Person",{"url":41,"name":59,"@type":60},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-07-29","2026-07-19",true,{"@type":66,"interactionType":67,"userInteractionCount":20},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":68},"ViewAction",{"@type":70,"mainEntity":71},"FAQPage",[72,78,82],{"name":73,"@type":74,"acceptedAnswer":75},"How has trade performance evolved in the Dominican Republic over the past decade?","Question",{"text":76,"@type":77},"Exports and imports have increased, but overall trade outcomes have underperformed. The trade deficit has grown due to continued reliance on imported inputs for production.","Answer",{"name":79,"@type":74,"acceptedAnswer":80},"Why does the report emphasize export diversification?",{"text":81,"@type":77},"The export basket remains concentrated in a few products that account for a large share of exports. Concentration creates vulnerability to external shocks, so diversification across products and destinations is needed.",{"name":83,"@type":74,"acceptedAnswer":84},"What role do special economic zones and global value chains play?",{"text":85,"@type":77},"Special economic zone firms significantly contribute to exports, but linkages and spillover effects to the local economy have been limited. Participation in global value chains is below neighboring countries, with potential to upgrade value chains and gain more from forward participation.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":52,"og:type":88,"og:title":13,"og:site_name":59,"og:description":14},"article",{"robots":90,"canonical":52},"index,follow",{"doc_id":7,"site_id":25},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":93},[94,98,102,106,111,116,119,122,127,130,134],{"id":21,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":95,"show_sort_weight":96,"slug":97},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":47,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":99,"show_sort_weight":100,"slug":101},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":53,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":103,"show_sort_weight":104,"slug":105},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":107,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":108,"show_sort_weight":109,"slug":110},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":112,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":113,"show_sort_weight":114,"slug":115},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":20,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":117,"show_sort_weight":22,"slug":118},"Healthcare","healthcare",{"id":11,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":12,"show_sort_weight":120,"slug":121},30,"research-report",{"id":123,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":124,"show_sort_weight":125,"slug":126},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":125,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":128,"show_sort_weight":125,"slug":129},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":131,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":132,"show_sort_weight":131,"slug":133},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":135,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":136,"show_sort_weight":107,"slug":137},19,"General","general"]