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This study examines the relationship between Digital Literacy (DL) and Online Learning Self-Efficacy (OLSE) in PE classes among Filipino students. A survey of 331 PE students with at least six months of online learning experience found a strong positive correlation, emphasizing digital competence for building confidence. The results inform PE instructors’ strategies to improve students’ digital adaptability and self-efficacy in evolving post-pandemic learning contexts, and support future research.",{"@graph":14,"@context":73},[15,34,56],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/","Research & 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Physical Education  \nVince Alano 1* , Christian Erlandez2, Robbie Gonzales3 , Mike Aaron Palo4 , Marvin Punsalan5 , Michael Louie Celis6 , Joseph Lobo7  \n1 City College of Angeles, Philippines, [valano@cca.edu.ph](valano@cca.edu.ph), [http://orcid.org/0009-0001-8349-950X](http://orcid.org/0009-0001-8349-950X)  \n2 City College of Angeles, Philippines, [cerlandez@cca.edu.ph](cerlandez@cca.edu.ph), [https://orcid.org/0009-0005-6383-7697](https://orcid.org/0009-0005-6383-7697)  \n3 City College of Angeles, Philippines, [rogonzales@cca.edu.ph](rogonzales@cca.edu.ph), [http://orcid.org/0009-0006-9247-831X](http://orcid.org/0009-0006-9247-831X)  \n4 City College of Angeles, Philippines, [mapalo@cca.edu.ph](mapalo@cca.edu.ph), [http://orcid.org/0009-0006-4928-7569](http://orcid.org/0009-0006-4928-7569)  \n5 City College of Angeles, Philippines, [marvinpunsalan@cca.edu.ph](marvinpunsalan@cca.edu.ph)  \n6 City College of Angeles, Philippines, [mlcelis@cca.edu.ph](mlcelis@cca.edu.ph) , [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1958-4451](https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1958-4451)  \n7 Bulacan State University, Philippines, [joseph.lobo@bulsu.edu.ph](joseph.lobo@bulsu.edu.ph), [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2553-467X](https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2553-467X)  \nABSTRACT  \nThe education system worldwide was shaken by the COVID-19 pandemic, forcing a shift to online learning that posed significant challenges for Physical Education (PE) classes. Many students lacked the technological skills to succeed in virtual environments, impacting their learning experiences. This study examines the relationship between Digital Literacy (DL) and Online Learning Self-Efficacy (OLSE) in PE classes, addressing the scarcity of studies focused on Filipino students’ DL and OLSE. A survey was conducted among 331 PE students from a selected higher education institution with at least six months of online learning experience. Findings revealed a strong positive correlation between DL and OLSE, highlighting the importance of digital competence in fostering confidence in online learning. As education continues integrating technology post-pandemic, these results provide valuable insights for PE instructorsin designing strategies that enhance students’ digital adaptability and self-efficacy. By understanding students’ current DL and OLSE levels, educators can develop targeted approaches to support digital learning, ensuring students are well-prepared for the evolving educational landscape. This study serves asa foundation for future research and practical applications in digital learning within PE, particularly in the context of Filipino students.  \nKEYWORDS: COVID-19 Pandemic, Digital Literacy, Online Learning Self-Efficacy, Physical Education, Undergraduate Students  \n1 INTRODUCTION  \nThe COVID-19 pandemic disrupted education worldwide, forcing a rapid shift to Flexible Learning (Dhawan, 2020) . The Commission on Higher Education (CHED, 2020) mandated that Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) adopt flexible learning strategies, including self-paced study, digital resources, and home-based learning. In Physical Education (PE),(CHED, 2021) introduced adjustments through the Physical Activity Towards Health and Fitness (PATHFit) courses, which integrated self-directed activities in sports, dance, and exercise. However, online PE presented challenges as teachers struggled to remotely evaluate students’ physical performance (Jumareng et al. , 2021) . Despite these difficulties, students positively received online PE, reflecting a shift toward digital adaptation in education (McGuinness & Fulton, 2019) .  \nDigital Literacy (DL) is fundamental to online learning success. (Tinmaz et al. , 2022) defined DL as the ability to utilize diverse technologies for knowledge acquisition and communication, a skill increasingly essential intoday’s digitized world (Üstündağ & Güneş, 2017) . However,","cbCais5IRDu94Tn0","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCais5IRDu94Tn0","pdf",296116,18,"English","# Introduction\n## COVID-19 disruption and flexible learning\n## Digital literacy and online learning\n## Self-efficacy and online learning self-efficacy\n# Review of Related Literature\n## Digital literacy: influencing factors and considerations","[{\"question\":\"What is the focus of this study in Physical Education classes?\",\"answer\":\"The study examines how Digital Literacy (DL) relates to Online Learning Self-Efficacy (OLSE) in Physical Education classes.\"},{\"question\":\"How was data collected and how many participants were included?\",\"answer\":\"A survey was conducted among 331 PE students from a selected higher education institution in the Philippines with at least six months of online learning experience.\"},{\"question\":\"What did the study find about the relationship between digital literacy and self-efficacy?\",\"answer\":\"Findings revealed a strong positive correlation between digital literacy and online learning self-efficacy, indicating that stronger digital competence supports students’ confidence in online learning.\"}]","Tracing back from online learning during the pandemic - Digital literacy and online learning self-efficacy in Physical Education | PDF",1792092878,45]