[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-seo-377057-105":3,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":80,"doc-detail-377057-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"ok",{"site_id":7,"language":8,"slug":9,"title":10,"keywords":11,"description":12,"schema_data":13,"social_meta":73,"head_meta":75,"extra_data":77,"updated_unix":79},105,"en","toxicities-associated-with-immune-checkpoint-inhibitors-a-systematic-study","Toxicities associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors: a systematic study","","Systematic review and meta-analysis investigated how cancer patients are susceptible to toxicities caused by PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors and mapped a clinically relevant side-effect landscape. Evidence was drawn from PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and CNKI (2014–2019) including 29 randomized controlled trials with 8,576 participants. Pooled relative risks were calculated using a random-effects model with subgroup analyses by cancer type and toxicity grade, organ system, regimen, drug type, and cancer category.",{"@graph":14,"@context":72},[15,34,55],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/","Healthcare",3,{"item":32,"name":10,"@type":21,"position":33},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/toxicities-associated-with-immune-checkpoint-inhibitors-a-systematic-study/377057/",4,{"url":32,"name":10,"@type":35,"image":36,"author":41,"headline":10,"publisher":44,"fileFormat":47,"inLanguage":8,"description":12,"dateModified":48,"datePublished":49,"encodingFormat":47,"isAccessibleForFree":50,"interactionStatistic":51},"DigitalDocument",{"url":37,"@type":38,"width":39,"height":40},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/toxicities-associated-with-immune-checkpoint-inhibitors-a-systematic-study/377057.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":42,"@type":43},"Quinn Holloway","Person",{"url":19,"name":45,"@type":46},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-09-25","2026-09-24",true,{"@type":52,"interactionType":53,"userInteractionCount":26},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":54},"ViewAction",{"@type":56,"mainEntity":57},"FAQPage",[58,64,68],{"name":59,"@type":60,"acceptedAnswer":61},"What was the main aim of this systematic review?","Question",{"text":62,"@type":63},"To evaluate cancer patients’ susceptibility to toxicities associated with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors and build a clinically relevant profile of side effects.","Answer",{"name":65,"@type":60,"acceptedAnswer":66},"What data sources and time range were used?",{"text":67,"@type":63},"Relevant studies were identified from PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and CNKI covering 2014 to 2019.",{"name":69,"@type":60,"acceptedAnswer":70},"How many randomized controlled trials and participants were included?",{"text":71,"@type":63},"Twenty-nine randomized controlled trials were included, totaling 8,576 patients.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":32,"og:type":74,"og:title":10,"og:site_name":45,"og:description":12},"article",{"robots":76,"canonical":32},"index,follow",{"doc_id":78,"site_id":7},377057,1790363161,{"code":4,"msg":81,"data":82},"success",[83,87,91,95,100,105,109,114,119,122,126],{"id":22,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":84,"show_sort_weight":85,"slug":86},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":26,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":88,"show_sort_weight":89,"slug":90},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":33,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":92,"show_sort_weight":93,"slug":94},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":96,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":97,"show_sort_weight":98,"slug":99},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":101,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":102,"show_sort_weight":103,"slug":104},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":106,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":29,"show_sort_weight":107,"slug":108},7,40,"healthcare",{"id":110,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":111,"show_sort_weight":112,"slug":113},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":115,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":116,"show_sort_weight":117,"slug":118},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":117,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":120,"show_sort_weight":117,"slug":121},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":123,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":124,"show_sort_weight":123,"slug":125},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":127,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":128,"show_sort_weight":96,"slug":129},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":81,"data":131},{"doc_id":78,"user_id":132,"nickname":42,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":106,"category_name":29,"doc_title":10,"doc_description":12,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":26,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":22,"is_downloadable":22,"audit_status":22,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":8,"site_id":7,"html_lang":8,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":12,"update_tm":144,"read_time":107},2336474466712,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_a8503ba1806abce46bf441b54a3ca4cd","’Systematic Review and/or Meta-analysis  \nToxicities associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors: a systematic study  \nXiangyi Kong, MD, PhDa,b , Li Chen, MD, PhDa,c , Zhaohui Su, MD, PhDh , Ryan J. Sullivan, MD, PhDi ,  \nSteven M. Blum, MD, PhDj , Zhihong Qi, MD, PhDe , Yulu Liu, MD, PhDg , Yujia Huo, MScd , Yi Fang, MD, PhDa,* , Lin Zhang, MD, PhDd,f,k,l,* , Jidong Gao, MD, PhDa,b,* , Jing Wang, MD, PhDa,*  \nBackground: Available evidence shows that the incidence of toxicities associated with cancer immunotherapy, such as  programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) and programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1)-related toxicities, is estimated to be between 0.3 and 1.3% .  \nObjective: This systematic review aimed to investigate cancer patients ’ susceptibility to toxicities associated with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors and establish a clinically relevant landscape of side effects of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors.  \nData sources: Relevant publications from PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) between 2014 and 2019 .  \nStudy eligibility criteria, participants, and interventions: We searched randomized controlled trials (RCTs) reporting treatmentrelated toxicities associated with PD-1 and PD-L1 inhibitors in the treatment of cancers. The primary endpoint was to assess the difference in the incidences of toxicities between cancer patients who did and did not receive PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors. A total of 29 RCTs, incorporating 8576 patients, met the eligibility criteria.  \nStudy appraisal and synthesis methods: We calculated the pooled relative risks and corresponding 95% CIs using a randomeffects model and assessed the heterogeneity between different groups. The subgroup analyses were conducted based on cancer type, toxicity grade (severity), system and organ, treatment regimens in the intervention arm and the control arm, PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor drug type, and cancer type.  \nResults: A total of 11 categories (e.g. endocrine toxicity), and 39 toxicity types (e.g. hyperthyroidism) were identified. For toxicities at any grade, those treated with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors were at lower risks for gastrointestinal toxicity, hematologic toxicity, and treatment event leading to discontinuation; and were at higher risks for respiratory toxicity (all P \u003C 0.05) . Those treated with PD-1/PDL1 inhibitors were at lower risks for fatigue, asthenia, and peripheral edema and were at higher risks for pyrexia, cough, dyspnea, pneumonitis, and pruritus.  \nLimitations: The present research is a meta-analysis at the study level rather than at the patient level; insights on risk factors associated with the development of toxicities cannot be found in our study. There was a possible overlap in Common Terminology  \naDepartment of Breast Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China, bDepartment of Breast Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital and Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen, China, cDepartment of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China, dSuzhou Industrial Park Monash Research Institute of Science and Technology, Suzhou, China, eClinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, China, fSchool of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China, gFintech Lab, Department of Computer Science, Chow Yei Ching Building, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China, hCenter on Smart and Connected Health Technologies, Mays Cancer Center, School of Nursing, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio,Texas, United States of America, iCenter for Melanoma, Ma","cbCaibAWKWs7Ofwl","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaibAWKWs7Ofwl","pdf",1293227,16,"English","# Background\n# Objective\n# Data sources\n# Eligibility criteria and study selection\n# Data synthesis methods\n# Results\n# Limitations","[{\"question\":\"What was the main aim of this systematic review?\",\"answer\":\"To evaluate cancer patients’ susceptibility to toxicities associated with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors and build a clinically relevant profile of side effects.\"},{\"question\":\"What data sources and time range were used?\",\"answer\":\"Relevant studies were identified from PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and CNKI covering 2014 to 2019.\"},{\"question\":\"How many randomized controlled trials and participants were included?\",\"answer\":\"Twenty-nine randomized controlled trials were included, totaling 8,576 patients.\"}]","Toxicities associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors: a systematic study | PDF",1790222903]