[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-322579-105":59,"doc-detail-322579-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","totalitarian-war-everybody-involved-now","Totalitarian War - Everybody Involved Now","","A political analysis argues that modern war has expanded beyond a privileged or professional class into a mass enterprise involving virtually the entire population. It contrasts earlier feudal and early modern conflicts, where most people were minimally affected, with industrial-scale wars driven by conscription, aerial bombing, chemical attacks, and broad civilian casualties. The text also emphasizes that war now reshapes society through propaganda, organization, and total control over institutions, activities, and 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does the text claim changed about war in modern times?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"It claims war shifted from a limited activity of nobles or mercenaries into a total, mass enterprise involving everyone directly or indirectly.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How does the document contrast feudal war with modern war?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"It argues feudal wars were fought largely by nobility and caused limited disruption for most people, whereas modern wars involve mass armies, conscription, and large-scale civilian harm.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What broader effects does modern war have beyond battlefields?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"The text states that scarcity of food, disruption of medical services, and breakdown of hygiene and sanitation expand casualties beyond the immediate fighting.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},322579,1790528409,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":44,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":41,"preview_page_count":4},2336464648322,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/2200025388227c56fec?_k=1778556882303663488","97-84217-4Burnham,James  \nLet the people vote onwar!  \nNew York  \n[193-]  \nCOLUMBIA UNIVERSITY LIBRARIESPRESERVATION DIVISION  \n# BIBLIOGBAPHIC MICBOFORM TABGET\n\nORIGINAL MATERIAL AS FILMED-EXISTING BIBLIOGRAPHIC RECORD  \nRESTRICTIONS ON USE:Reproducions may not be made without pemision hom Columbla UniversityLibranes             \n# TECHNICAL MICROFORM DATA\n\nREDUCTION RATIO:            11:1  \nFILM SIZE:  \nIIA IB IIB  \nIMAGE PLACEMENT:IA  \nDATE FILMED:                    10-9-97  \nINITIALS:业                    \nTBACKING\\#:                                                    28383  \n# JAMES BURNHAM\n\nPublished by PIONEER PUBLISHERSfor the  \nSOCIALIST WORKERS PARTYand the  \nYOUNG PEOPLES sOCIALIST LEAGUE(Fourth International)  \n# UNIVERSITY PLACE LIBRARY\n\n118 UNIVERSITY PLAOE  \nNEW YORK CITY,N.Y  \nFOURTE FLOOR  \nPublished by  \nPIONEER PUBLISHERS  \n116 University Place  \nNew York,N.Y.  \nFor the  \nsOCLALIST WORKERS PARTY  \nand the  \nYOUNG PEOPLE'S soCIALIST LEAGUE(Fourth International)  \n,  \nI  \n9S6L   \nTotalitarian War  \nIN PAST civilizations,war was usually the business ofla restricted class or caste of the population.The greatmajority not only took no part in the fighting,but,in pointof fact,their lives were very little affected,even indirectly,by the conduct and outcome of wars and battles.  \nAN  \n①088bh  \nIn feudal times,for example,most of the people wereserfs and zileins,who lived attached to the land wherethey wrere born.They gained their sustenance from locallyself-sufficient agriculture and simple handicrafts,withscarcely any trade or commerce.They were required toturn over a certain percentage of their crops to their feudallord,and usually also to work for a certain number of dayseach year on jobs assigned to them by their lord or hisbailiffs.They were not,however,subject to any kind ofmilitary service.  \nWith the exception of one or two of the Crusades,warswere fought exclusively by members of the feudal nobilityitseli,assisted by their personal servants who acted,how-ever,in non-military capacities.Fighting was considered,you might say,to be a \"privilege\"and prerogative of thenobility.In these feudal wars,not many persons,even ofthe nobility,were killed.Most weapons were crude,suitednot for mass slaughter but for individual,hand-to-handcombat;and fairly adequate protective devices,such asarmor and shields,were worn  \nThe results of these wars,moreover,did not greatlyaffect the conditions of life of the great majority.Sometines a chivalric army would commandeer all the crops ofa given district,or even lay it waste by fire and pillage.But,since the arnies were small and slow-moving,theroads few and poor and scattered,this did not happenoften in any particular place.And the question of whowon the war was of hardly any concern to the averageseri.His duties and obligations were the same whetherBaron X or Count Y was his lord.  \nEven in the first.centuries of modern times,the situationdid not greatly change.In fifteenth century Italy,for in-stance,where the first stage of modern civilization reached  \nits height,the powerfunl cities usually conducted wars byhiring mercenary armies Most of the citizenry kept busyat its industrial and commercial tasks,and the major in-convenience of war was only an added drain on thetreasury.  \n# Everybody Involved Now\n\nToday,everything is changed.The world-wide divisionof labor,the development of a world economy,rapid trans-portation and communication,more or less universal edu-cation,have transformed war from the sport of nobles orthe profession of mercenaries into a mass enterprise in-volving every single member of the population.Directlyor indirectly,everyone is part of the war machine.  \nIn the first place,in our day,vast numbers of the popu-lation are directly concerned in the fighting of a war.Thewar armies are not restricted groups of professionals butnass armies made up of millions of individuals.Most ofthese millions are drafted or conscripted from the broadranks of workers and peasant","cbCaifBR5JqoSEGv","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaifBR5JqoSEGv","pdf",583440,12,"English","# BIBLIOGRAPHIC MICROFORM TARGET\n## TECHNICAL MICROFORM DATA\n## JAMES BURNHAM\n## Everybody Involved Now\n## Includes All Humanity","[{\"question\":\"What does the text claim changed about war in modern times?\",\"answer\":\"It claims war shifted from a limited activity of nobles or mercenaries into a total, mass enterprise involving everyone directly or indirectly.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the document contrast feudal war with modern war?\",\"answer\":\"It argues feudal wars were fought largely by nobility and caused limited disruption for most people, whereas modern wars involve mass armies, conscription, and large-scale civilian harm.\"},{\"question\":\"What broader effects does modern war have beyond battlefields?\",\"answer\":\"The text states that scarcity of food, disruption of medical services, and breakdown of hygiene and sanitation expand casualties beyond the immediate fighting.\"}]","Totalitarian War - Everybody Involved Now | PDF",1789963058]