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yourself10 minutes to answer the questions in thispractice set.  \n# Well-Made Play\n\nNarrator Listen to part of a lecture in aclass on theater history.Theprofessor is discussing the theaterof nineteenth-century France.  \nProfessor The nineteenth century wasthe time that saw what we call\"realism\"develop in the Europeantheater.Uh,to understand this,though,we first need to look atan earlier form of drama knownas the \"well-made play,\"which,  \nbasically,was a pattern forconstructing plays—plays that,um,beginning with some earlynineteenth-century comedies inFrance,proved very successfulcommercially.The dramaticdevices used here weren't actuallyanything new—they'd been aroundfor centuries.But the formulafor a well-made play requiredthat certain of these elementsbe included,in a particular order,and—most importantly—thateverything in the play be logicallyconnected.In fact,some ofthese playwrights would start bywriting the end of a play and workbackward toward the beginning,just to make sure each event  \nled logically from what had gonebefore.  \nOK,so what are the necessaryelements of a well-made play?Well,uh,the first is logicalexposition.  \nExposition is whatever backgroundinformation you have to reveal tothe audience so they'll understandwhat's going on.Before this time,exposition might have come fromactors simply giving speeches.Uh,someone might walk out on stageand say,\"In fair Verona,wherewe lay our scene,\"and then tellall about the feuding families ofRomeo and Juliet.But for the well-made play,even the exposition  \nhad to be logical ...believable.So,for example,uh,you might havetwo servants gossiping as they'recleaning the house,and one says,\"Oh,what a shame the master'sson is still not married.\"And theother might mention a rumorabout a mysterious gentlemanwho's just moved into town withhis beautiful daughter.Thesecomments are part of the play'slogical exposition.  \nThe next key element of a well-made play is referred to as \"theinciting incident.\"  \nAfter we have the backgroundinformation,we need a keymoment that gets things moving,  \nthat really makes the audienceinterested in what happens tothe characters we just heardabout.So,for example,afterthe two servants reveal all thisbackground information,we meetthe young man,just as he firstlays eyes on the beautiful youngwoman and immediately falls inlove.This is the inciting incident.It sets off the plot of the play.  \nNow the plot of a well-made playis usually driven by secrets一uh,things that the audienceknows,but the characters oftendon't know.So for example,the audience learns through aletter or through someone else'sconversation who this mysterious  \ngentleman is and why he left thetown many years before.But theyoung man doesn't know aboutthis ...and the woman doesn'tunderstand the ancient connectionbetween her family and his.  \nAnd before the secrets arerevealed to the main characters,the plot of the play proceeds asa series of sort of up-and-downmoments.For example,thewoman first appears not to evennotice the young man,and itseems to him like the end of theworld.But then he learns that sheactually wants to meet him too,solife is wonderful.Then if he triesto talk with her,maybe her fathergets furious,for no apparent  \nreason.So they can't see eachother.But just as the young manhas almost lost all hope,he findsout ...well,you get the idea-thereversals of fortune continue,increasing the audience's tensionand excitement,making themwonder if everything's going tocome out OK or not.  \nNext comes an element known asthe obligatory scene.  \nIt's uh,it's a scene,a moment inwhich all the secrets are revealedand generally things turn out wellfor the hero and others we careabout—a happy ending of somesort.This became so popular thata playwright almost had to include  \nit in every play,which is why it'scalled the obligatory scene.  \nAnd that's followed by the finaldramatic element...  \nThe denouem","cbCailUxdxllIGua","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCailUxdxllIGua","pdf",545158,11,"English","# Well-Made Play\n## Directions\n## Main Lecture: Elements of a Well-Made Play\n## Questions (1-4)","[{\"question\":\"What is the lecture mainly about?\",\"answer\":\"The lecture focuses on the importance of creating believable characters in plays through the well-made play structure.\"},{\"question\":\"Why did some playwrights write the end of a play before the beginning?\",\"answer\":\"They did it to ensure events developed in a logical manner, with each occurrence leading clearly from what came before.\"},{\"question\":\"Which elements help move the plot forward in a well-made play?\",\"answer\":\"Typically, the plot is driven by secrets known to the audience but not to the main characters, and it uses ongoing reversals that increase tension and excitement.\"}]","TOEFL Listening Practice Test 22 - Well-Made Play | PDF",1790760545,28]