[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-494679-105":59,"doc-detail-494679-en":131},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":124,"head_meta":126,"extra_data":128,"updated_unix":130},105,"en","toefl-grammar-in-brief-grammar-rules","TOEFL Grammar In Brief - Grammar Rules","","A concise grammar reference organized by topic for TOEFL writing and speaking accuracy. Covers the simple present in future-time clauses, verb patterns in noun clauses, request and negative forms, and wish/conditional structures using past and past perfect. Explains modal usage in indirect speech, verbals with gerunds and infinitives, and common modifier rules including “only,” dangling modifiers, adjective vs. adverb placement, and number usage in count and noncount contexts.",{"@graph":69,"@context":123},[70,84,106],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":20,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/exam/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/toefl-grammar-in-brief-grammar-rules/494679/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/toefl-grammar-in-brief-grammar-rules/494679.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Kurz","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-04","2026-10-01",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":105},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",17,{"@type":107,"mainEntity":108},"FAQPage",[109,115,119],{"name":110,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":112},"How should you form future meanings in future-time clauses on TOEFL grammar?","Question",{"text":113,"@type":114},"Use the simple present tense in future-time clauses and avoid “will” or “going to.” Time clauses are introduced by words like when, while, after, before, and as soon as.","Answer",{"name":116,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":117},"What are the verb forms for wishes and conditional sentences?",{"text":118,"@type":114},"Present wishes are expressed in the past tense, with “were” for “to be.” Past wishes use the past perfect. For conditionals, use present for result, past for “would,” and past perfect for “would have + past participle” in unreal situations.",{"name":120,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":121},"What are common rules for modifiers and negation?",{"text":122,"@type":114},"Adverbs like only/just/nearly/hardly/almost/scarcely come as close as possible to what they modify, and do not place an adverb between “to” and the verb. Use NOT to negate verbs and avoid multiple negative words in the same sentence.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":125,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":127,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":129,"site_id":62},494679,1791024660,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":132},{"doc_id":129,"user_id":133,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":19,"category_name":20,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":105,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":34,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145,"preview_page_count":4},2336478945635,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_6f874abed73319feea01a86fa6f0fab8","1  \nVERB  \nUse the simple present tense in future-time clauses (when the action will take place sometime in future) . Never use “will” or “going to” in future-time clauses .  \nTime clauses are introduced by such words as when, while, after, before, as soon as, etc  \n~~will~~, ~~going to~~  \nVERBS – OF DEMAND  \nThe simple verb (V) is used for all persons in a noun clause after the following verbs  \ndemand insist require suggest recommend urgu advise request be necessary  \nbe required  \nbe essential  \nbe important  \n+ V  \nask (when it means request)  \nUse “not” to make the verb negative Don’t use “don’t”  \nVERBS-WISHES  \n1. Present wishes are expressed in the past tense  \n2. Always use “were” in the present wishes for to“be”  \n3. Past wishes are expressed in the past perfect  \nVERBS-CONDITIONALSIf + present >> future (result)  \nIf + past >> would (modal) + V (result)  \nIf + past perfect >> would + have + past participle II  \na . In general, avoid using “would” in the if-clause  \nb. In present-time unreal if-clauses, the correct form of the verb “to be” for all persons is “were”  \nVERBS-MODALS  \n1. modal + V (~~to~~)  \n2. modal + have + PII  \n3. when you change direct speech to indirect speech,“could, would, should” and “might” do not change form  \n4. use “must have +PII” for past conclusion only  \n5. use “had+infinitive” for past obligation  \nVERBS-VERBALS  \nadmit appreciate avoid cannot help consider deny enjoy finish keep postpone practice stop suggest  \nbe accustomed to  \nbe interested in  \nbe opposed to  \nbe used to decide on get through keep on look forward to  \nplan on put off think about  \nthink of  \n+ Gerund  \nlet  \nmake  \nhave  \n+ V  \nverbs of perception:  \nfeel  \nhear notice observe see smell watch  \n+ Vor  \n+ Gerund  \nMODIFIERS Modifiers – like “only”  \nAdverbs like” only, just, nearly, hardly, almost, scarcely” come as close as possible to the adjectives, verbs or other adverbs they modify  \nDo not put an adverb between “to” and “V”Right: We hope to inform him quickly  \nWrong:  We hope to quickly inform him MODIFIERS-DANGLING  \nThe subject of the main clause must be the same as the understood subject of the introductory phrase .  \nWrong: Running home from school, a dog bit me Right: Running from home the school, I was bitten by a dog  \nWrong: To understand the directions, they must be read carefully  \nRight: To understand the directions, one must read them carefully.  \nMODIFIERS – ADJECTIVE/ADVERB CONFUSION  \n1. Adjective modify nouns ( N) and pronouns  \n2. Adverbs modify verbs (V)  \n3. Adverbs also modify adjectives  \n4. Adverbs also modify other adverbs  \nAdverbs end in –ly  \nadjective=adverb : LATE, FAST, HARD  \n2  \nMODIFIERS – ADJECTIVES AFTER VERBS OF SENSATION  \nfeel, look, seen, appear, taste, smell, sound  \n+ adjective  \n~~adverb~~  \nMODIFIERS – NOUN ADJECTIVES  \nWhen nouns are used as adjectives, they do not have plural or possessive form  \nException: The following nouns always end in –s, but are singular in number when they used as names of courses or sciences  \nphysics, mathematics, economics He is an economics teacher  \nBUT: The current economic situation is extremely uncertain  \nNouns ( N) are sometimes found as part of hyphenated or compound adjectives (adjectives of more than one word joined by hyphens) . THESE NOUNS ARE NEVER PLURAL.  \nMODIFIERS – FEW, LITTLE, MUCH AND MANY  \nfew, fewer, fewest, many + plural count nouns little, less, least, much + noncount nouns  \nthese are plural-  \n“people, men, women, children, police”“news”is singular  \nMODIFIERS CARDINAL AND ORDINAL NUMBERS  \n1. ordinal numbers are used in the pattern the + ordinal + noun (N)  \nalways use the  \n2. cardinal numbers are used in the pattern noun ( N) + cardinal  \nMODIFIERS – COMPARATIVES  \na . don’t use both “-er” and “more”  \n[b. be](b. be) careful to use only “than” after a comparative structure  \n[c. be](c. be) careful to use the comparative for two items, not three or more . For three or more use superlative  \nLogic errors:  \n-","cbCaii2zQPyVaxo4","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaii2zQPyVaxo4","pdf",56852,"English","# Verbs\n## Simple present in future-time clauses\n## Verbs of demand and requests\n## Wishes, conditionals, and modals\n## Verbals and perception verbs\n# Modifiers\n## “Only” and adverb placement\n## Dangling modifiers\n## Adjective vs. adverb confusion\n## Noun adjectives and compound modifiers\n## Few/little/much/many\n## Comparatives and superlatives\n## Cause and result with so/such…that\n## Negation rules\n# Pronouns\n## Relative pronouns","[{\"question\":\"How should you form future meanings in future-time clauses on TOEFL grammar?\",\"answer\":\"Use the simple present tense in future-time clauses and avoid “will” or “going to.” Time clauses are introduced by words like when, while, after, before, and as soon as.\"},{\"question\":\"What are the verb forms for wishes and conditional sentences?\",\"answer\":\"Present wishes are expressed in the past tense, with “were” for “to be.” Past wishes use the past perfect. For conditionals, use present for result, past for “would,” and past perfect for “would have + past participle” in unreal situations.\"},{\"question\":\"What are common rules for modifiers and negation?\",\"answer\":\"Adverbs like only/just/nearly/hardly/almost/scarcely come as close as possible to what they modify, and do not place an adverb between “to” and the verb. Use NOT to negate verbs and avoid multiple negative words in the same sentence.\"}]","TOEFL Grammar In Brief - Grammar Rules | PDF",1790894547,18]