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This study assessed androgen receptor (AR) expression in breast cancer cases from a tertiary hospital in Ghana using tissue microarray immunohistochemical staining. Among 197 suitable cases, TNBC accounted for 61.9%, with most tumors as grade III ductal carcinoma NST. AR expression was 23% in triple-negative cancers and was more frequent in low-grade than high-grade tumors, though many cases were quadruple negative.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/tissue-microarray-immunohistochemical-staining-for-androgen-receptor-in-breast-cancer-in-a-ghanaian-cohort/331236/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/tissue-microarray-immunohistochemical-staining-for-androgen-receptor-in-breast-cancer-in-a-ghanaian-cohort/331236.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Asher","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-01","2026-09-21",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":34},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What was the purpose of this study?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"To assess the expression of androgen receptor (AR) in breast cancer from a tertiary hospital in Ghana using tissue microarray immunohistochemical staining.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How many tissue microarray cases were included, and what subtype dominated?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"197 suitable cases were used, and triple-negative breast cancers (TNBC) constituted 61.9% of the cancers.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What relationship did the study find between AR expression and tumor grade?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"AR was more frequently expressed in low-grade tumors compared to high-grade tumors.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},331236,1790524933,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":34,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":34,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":143,"read_time":144,"preview_page_count":4},687197207639,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_a8503ba1806abce46bf441b54a3ca4cd","| Original Article |\n| --- |\n|  |\n\nTissue Microarray Immunohistochemical Staining for Androgen Receptor in Breast Cancer in a Ghanaian Cohort  \nBabatunde M. Duduyemi1,2, William G. Ayibor1, Francis Agyemang‑Yeboah3  \nDepartments of 1Pathology and 3Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana, 2Department of Pathology, University of Sierra Leone Teaching Hospitals Complex, Freetown, Sierra Leone  \nAbstract  \nBackground: Despite the advancement in therapy, breast cancer still remains the most common malignancy in women globally due in part to its heterogeneity. Triple‑negative breast cancer (TNBC) represents up to 20% of all breast cancer variants, an aggressive disease with poorer outcomes compared to other breast cancer subtypes. No targeted therapies are currently approved for TNBC, and newer treatment approaches are seriously needed. Androgen receptor (AR), another hormonal receptor, is often expressed in breast cancer, and its role depends on the relative levels of circulating estrogens and androgens. This study aimed to assess the expression ofAR in breast cancer ina tertiary hospital in Ghana. Methodology: Immunohistochemical staining for AR was performed on tissue microarray (TMA) blocks, of which estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and Her‑2/neu had already been done. 197 cases were suitable for the study. Results from the immunostaining were analyzed using the SPSS version 23 for descriptive statistics and correlations (χ2 and Pearson tests) . Results: 197 TMA cases were used. TNBCs constitute 61.9% of the cancers. The majority of these tumors were grade III, ductal carcinoma NST. The mean age was 49.86 ± 14.09, and the modal age group was 40–49 years. Our cases showed 23% AR expression in triple‑negative cancers. The study also established that AR is more frequently expressed in low‑grade tumors compared to high‑grade ones. Conclusion: There isan appreciable level ofAR expression in our cases; however, most are quadruple negative. However, AR is more frequently expressed in low‑grade tumors than high‑grade ones.  \nKeywords: Androgen receptor, breast cancer, immunostaining, triple‑negative breast cancer  \nRésumé  \nContexte: Malgré les progrès thérapeutiques, le cancer du sein reste la tumeur maligne la plus courante chez les femmes dans le monde, en partie à cause de son hétérogénéité. Le cancer du sein triple négatif (CSTN) représente jusqu’à 20 % de toutes les variantes du cancer du sein, une maladie agressive dont les résultats sont moins bons que les autres sous‑types de cancer du sein. Aucun traitement ciblé n’est actuellementapprouvé pour le TNBC et de nouvelles approches thérapeutiques sont sérieusement nécessaires. Le récepteur aux androgènes (AR), un autrerécepteur hormonal, est souvent exprimé dans le cancer du sein et son rôle dépend des niveaux relatifs d’œstrogènes et d’androgènes en circulation. Cette étude vise à évaluer l’expression de la RA dans le cancer du sein dans un hôpital tertiaire du Ghana. Méthodes: La coloration immunohistochimique pour AR a été réalisée sur des blocs de micropuces tissulaires (TMA) dont ER, PR, Her‑2/neu avaient déjà été réalisés.  \n197 cas convenaient à l’étude. Les résultats de l’immunocoloration ont été analysés à l’aide de SPSS version 23 pour les statistiques descriptives  \net les corrélations (tests X2 et Pearson) . Résultats: 197 cas de TMAont été utilisés. Les TNBC constituent 61,9 % des cancers. La majorité de ces tumeurs étaient des carcinomes canalaires NST de grade III. L’âge moyen était de 49,86 ± 14,09 et la tranche d’âge modale était celle des 40‑49 ans. Nos cas ont montré une expression de 23 % de AR dans les cancers triples négatifs. L’étude a également établi que la RA est plus fréquemment exprimée dans les tumeurs de bas grade que dans celles de haut grade. Conclusion: Il existe un niveau  \n\n| Access this article online |  |\n| --- | --- |\n| Quick Response Code:\u003Cbr>| Website:\u003Cb","cbCaij1okrmJOO7i","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaij1okrmJOO7i","pdf",1614935,"English","# Abstract\n## Background\n## Methodology\n## Results\n## Conclusion\n# Keywords","[{\"question\":\"What was the purpose of this study?\",\"answer\":\"To assess the expression of androgen receptor (AR) in breast cancer from a tertiary hospital in Ghana using tissue microarray immunohistochemical staining.\"},{\"question\":\"How many tissue microarray cases were included, and what subtype dominated?\",\"answer\":\"197 suitable cases were used, and triple-negative breast cancers (TNBC) constituted 61.9% of the cancers.\"},{\"question\":\"What relationship did the study find between AR expression and tumor grade?\",\"answer\":\"AR was more frequently expressed in low-grade tumors compared to high-grade tumors.\"}]","Tissue Microarray Immunohistochemical Staining for Androgen Receptor in Breast Cancer in a Ghanaian Cohort | PDF",1789992337,18]