[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-466939-105":59,"doc-detail-466939-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","thyroidmicrobiome-allostasis-and-mitochondrial-performance-an-integrative-perspective-in-exercise-physiology","Thyroid–Microbiome Allostasis and Mitochondrial Performance - An Integrative Perspective in Exercise Physiology","","Exercise functions as a physiological stimulus that depends on coordinated endocrine, microbial, and mitochondrial interactions to preserve metabolic stability via allostatic regulation. The article integrates multidisciplinary evidence to position the thyroid–microbiome–mitochondrial axis as a core controller of the allostatic state during athletic responses. Across acute, chronic, and overload phases, bidirectional signaling links microbial metabolites with endocrine and mitochondrial networks, shaping interindividual outcomes. Microbial metabolites and thyroid hormones modulate enzyme activity, bile physiology, gut conditions, and mitochondrial biogenesis. Excessive load, energy restriction, or poor recovery can transiently destabilize the system, producing a reversible low-T3/high-rT3 pattern reminiscent of early autoimmune-like states. By connecting redox pathways to recovery and performance, the perspective supports precision interventions to optimize athletic training.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/thyroidmicrobiome-allostasis-and-mitochondrial-performance-an-integrative-perspective-in-exercise-physiology/466939/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/thyroidmicrobiome-allostasis-and-mitochondrial-performance-an-integrative-perspective-in-exercise-physiology/466939.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Mary Man","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-31","2026-09-30",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":34},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What is the main objective of the article regarding exercise and allostasis?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"To integrate multidisciplinary evidence and define the thyroid–microbiome–mitochondrial axis as a key regulator of the allostatic state in exercise physiology.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How does the thyroid–microbiome–mitochondrial axis behave across training phases?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"It operates bidirectionally during acute, chronic, and overload training, coupling microbial signaling with endocrine and mitochondrial networks to shape metabolic responses.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What changes may occur under excessive training load or inadequate recovery?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"The network can become transiently unbalanced, with decreased SCFA synthesis, increased D3 activity, and a reversible low-T3/high-rT3 pattern resembling early Hashimoto- or Graves-like responses.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},466939,1790912883,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":34,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145,"preview_page_count":4},7421720224475,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_276721f389ce27ea32af1340a28f341c","Review  \nThyroid–Microbiome Allostasis and Mitochondrial Performance: An Integrative Perspective in Exercise Physiology  \nAdrian Odriozola 1,2, *, Adriana González 1, Iñaki Odriozola 3, Francesc Corbi 4 and Jesús Álvarez-Herms 2,5  \nAcademic Editor: Jorge Lorenzo Calvo  \nReceived: 30 October 2025  \nRevised: 15 December 2025  \nAccepted: 16 December 2025  \nPublished: 24 December 2025  \nCopyright: © 2025 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license.  \n1 Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain; [adriana.gonzalez@ehu.eus](adriana.gonzalez@ehu.eus)  \n2 Institut Nacional d’Educació Física de Catalunya (INEFC), Centre de Lleida, Universitat de Lleida (UdL), 25003 Lleida, Spain; [jesusah80@gmail.com](jesusah80@gmail.com)  \n3 Health Department of Basque Government, 20013 San Sebastian, Spain; [iongideon@hotmail.com](iongideon@hotmail.com)  \n4 Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08907 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain; [f@corbi.neoma.org](f@corbi.neoma.org)  \n5 Phymo® Lab, Physiology and Molecular Laboratory, 40170 Collado Hermoso, Spain  \n* Correspondence: [adrian.odriozola@ehu.eus](adrian.odriozola@ehu.eus)  \nAbstract  \nExercise acts as a physiological stimulus, requiring precise coordination among endocrine, microbial, and mitochondrial systems to maintain metabolic stability through allostatic regulation. The goal of the article is to integrate multidisciplinary evidence to characterize the thyroid–microbiome–mitochondrial axis as a key regulator of the allostatic state in athletic physiological response. During acute, chronic, and overload training phases, the thyroid–microbiome–mitochondrial axis operates bidirectionally, coupling microbial signaling with endocrine and mitochondrial networks to mediate metabolic response to exercise. This response shows interindividual variability driven by sex, age, genetics, and nutritional status, shaping the boundaries between adaptive efficiency and allostatic overload. Microbial metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) and secondary bile acids, modulate deiodinase activity, bile acid recycling, and mitochondrial biogenesis through AMPK–SIRT1–PGC1α signaling, optimizing substrate use and thermogenic capacity. Thyroid hormones reciprocally regulate gut motility, luminal pH, and bile secretion, maintaining microbial diversity and mineral absorption. Under excessive training load, caloric restriction, or inadequate recovery, this network becomes transiently unbalanced: SCFA synthesis decreases, D3 activity increases, and a reversible low-T3 /high-rT3 pattern emerges, resembling early Hashimoto-or Graves-like responses. Selenium-, zinc-, andiron-dependent enzymes form the redox link between microbial metabolism, thyroid control, and mitochondrial defense. In conclusion, the thyroid–microbiome–mitochondrial axis provides the physiological basis for the allostatic state, a reversible phase of dynamic recalibration that integrates training, nutrition, environmental stress, and circadian cues to sustain thyroid activity, mitochondrial efficiency, and microbial balance. This integrative perspective supports precision interventions to optimize recovery and performance in athletes.  \nKeywords: thyroid hormones; gut microbiota; mitochondria; exercise physiology; allostasis; short-chain fatty acids; deiodinases; micronutrients; adaptive fatigue; precision nutrition  \n1. Introduction  \n1.1. Exercise as a Model of Endocrine and Metabolic Allostasis  \nThyroid hormones (THs) serve as central regulators of metabolic homeostasis, linking energy expenditure, thermogenesis, and cellular adaptation to environmental and physiological demands [1] . Rather than functioning solely as static controllers of basal metaboli","cbCaigcWlqNkprrc","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaigcWlqNkprrc","pdf",1281090,37,"English","# Abstract\n# Keywords\n# 1. Introduction\n## 1.1. Exercise as a Model of Endocrine and Metabolic Allostasis\n## 1.2. Exercise as an Endocrine Stressor","[{\"question\":\"What is the main objective of the article regarding exercise and allostasis?\",\"answer\":\"To integrate multidisciplinary evidence and define the thyroid–microbiome–mitochondrial axis as a key regulator of the allostatic state in exercise physiology.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the thyroid–microbiome–mitochondrial axis behave across training phases?\",\"answer\":\"It operates bidirectionally during acute, chronic, and overload training, coupling microbial signaling with endocrine and mitochondrial networks to shape metabolic responses.\"},{\"question\":\"What changes may occur under excessive training load or inadequate recovery?\",\"answer\":\"The network can become transiently unbalanced, with decreased SCFA synthesis, increased D3 activity, and a reversible low-T3/high-rT3 pattern resembling early Hashimoto- or Graves-like responses.\"}]","Thyroid–Microbiome Allostasis and Mitochondrial Performance - An Integrative Perspective in Exercise Physiology | PDF",1790772077,93]