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Using a retrospective longitudinal design, 20,880 medical records from 1984–2021 were reviewed and demographic and TD trends compared before versus after the 1999 iodine prophylaxis correction. Results showed increased overall TD incidence, older diagnostic age, higher male representation, and rising hypothyroidism, while most other TD incidences declined; euthyroid nodular goiter remained unchanged.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/thyroid-disorders-and-influence-of-adjusted-iodine-prophylaxis-in-pelagonia-and-southwest-regions-north-macedonia/433465/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/thyroid-disorders-and-influence-of-adjusted-iodine-prophylaxis-in-pelagonia-and-southwest-regions-north-macedonia/433465.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"MrHarris58","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-08","2026-09-29",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":39},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What iodine-related change did the study focus on?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"It evaluated changes in thyroid disease trends after the 1999 iodine prophylaxis correction standardized iodine levels in salt.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"Which thyroid disorders were most common in the study population?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Hypothyroidism and euthyroid nodular goiter were predominant among the patients analyzed.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What happened to overall thyroid disease incidence after the 1999 correction?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Overall TD incidence increased, alongside increased age at diagnosis, male representation, and hypothyroidism, while most other TD incidences decreased.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},433465,1790716253,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":39,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":34,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":143,"read_time":144,"preview_page_count":4},687212988360,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_276721f389ce27ea32af1340a28f341c","| Thyroid |\n| --- |\n| Original Article |\n\nThyroid Disorders and Influence of Adjusted Iodine Prophylaxis in Pelagonia and Southwest Regions, North Macedonia  \nTodorovska J. Liljana1, Avramovski J. Petar2, Avramovska P. Maja3, Todorovski P. Jovan4, Vaskova M. Olivija5  \n1Department of Nuclear Medicine, Clinical Hospital “D‑r Trifun Panovski”, 2Department of Internal Medicine, Clinical Hospital “D‑r Trifun Panovski”, University St. Kliment Ohridski, 3Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Clinical Hospital “D‑r Trifun Panovski”, University St. Kliment Ohridski, 4Department of Social Medicine, Public Health Institution – Center of Public Health, Bitola, North Macedonia, 5Institute of Pathophysiology and Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ss Cyril et  \nMethodius University, Skopje, North Macedonia  \nAbstract  \nIntroduction: Iodine intake influences the incidence of thyroid diseases (TD), but data on its impact after iodine prophylaxis correction remains limited. This study analyzes TD incidence in a part ofa country with sufficient iodine status since 2003, covering the period from 1984 to 2021, and evaluates changes following the 1999 iodine prophylaxis correction. Methods: This retrospective longitudinal study reviewed 20,880 medical records from a secondary medical center. Demographic and TD data were analyzed descriptively to compare trends before and after the 1999 iodine prophylaxis correction. Results: Among 20,880 patients aged 46.63 ± 15.06 years, 18,182 (87.1%) were female. Hypothyroidism (40.43%) and euthyroid nodular goiter (ENG) (28.7%) were predominant TD. Before the iodine prophylaxis correction, the mean patient age was 40.03 ± 13.03 years, with ENG (27.29%), hyperthyroidism (24.78%), euthyroid diffuse goiter (EDG) (24.94%), and hypothyroidism (15.84%) dominating. After the 1999 iodine prophylaxis correction, the overall incidence of TD, mean age (47.54 ± 15.1 years), male representation (P \u003C 0.001), and hypothyroidism (43.78%, P \u003C 0.001) increased, while EDG (11.73%), hyperthyroidism (12.28%), toxic nodular goiter (1.42%), and thyroid carcinoma (0.16%) declined (overall P\u003C 0.001). ENG incidence (28.89%, P = 0.102) remained unchanged. Conclusion: Hypothyroidism and ENG were the predominant thyroid disorders in the area. Corrected iodine prophylaxis increased overall TD incidence, age at diagnosis, male representation, and hypothyroidism while reducing most other TD incidences. The stable ENG incidence requires further investigation. Continued monitoring is essential to improve public health strategies for TD management.  \nKeywords: Hypothyroidism, incidence, iodine prophylaxis, thyroid diseases  \nIntroductIon  \nIodine intake affects thyroid disease (TD) incidence, functionally categorized as hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism[1,2] and morphologically as diffuse or nodular goiter and thyroid carcinoma (TC) .[3,4] Women suffer 5 to 8 times more frequently than men.[5]  \nHyperthyroidism affects 0.2%–1.3% of the population, while hypothyroidism ranges from 0.2%–5.3%, mainly in individuals over 65.[6] The prevalence of ultrasound‑detected goiter is between 19% to 35% .[4,7] In 2022, TC was the seventh most prevalent cancer worldwide, causing 47,507 deaths, predominantly in Asia.[8]  \nTD occurrence is affected by genetic variations, gender, age, and iodine intake.[1,3,9] Iodine deficiency increases hypothyroidism and goiter prevalence,[10] while sufficiency raises autoimmune  \n\n| Access this article online |  |\n| --- | --- |\n| Quick Response Code:\u003Cbr>| Website:\u003Cbr>[https://journals.lww.com/indjem/](https://journals.lww.com/indjem/) |\n|  | DOI:\u003Cbr>10.4103/ijem.ijem_34_25 |\n\nthyroid diseases (AITD) .[11] Other contributing factors include selenium and vitamin D deficiency, radiation, chemicals, heavy metals, medications, smoking, viral infections, goitrogenic substances, obesity, and metabolic syndrome.[12‑14]  \nIn North Macedonia, iodine fortification of salt began in 1956 with 10 mg of potassium iodide per kilogram","cbCaib7Tg97ruR8S","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaib7Tg97ruR8S","pdf",786472,"English","# Abstract\n## Introduction\n## Methods\n## Results\n## Conclusion\n# Keywords\n# IntroductIon\n## Iodine intake and thyroid disease\n## Epidemiology and contributing factors\n## Iodine fortification history in North Macedonia\n# Materials and M","[{\"question\":\"What iodine-related change did the study focus on?\",\"answer\":\"It evaluated changes in thyroid disease trends after the 1999 iodine prophylaxis correction standardized iodine levels in salt.\"},{\"question\":\"Which thyroid disorders were most common in the study population?\",\"answer\":\"Hypothyroidism and euthyroid nodular goiter were predominant among the patients analyzed.\"},{\"question\":\"What happened to overall thyroid disease incidence after the 1999 correction?\",\"answer\":\"Overall TD incidence increased, alongside increased age at diagnosis, male representation, and hypothyroidism, while most other TD incidences decreased.\"}]","Thyroid Disorders and Influence of Adjusted Iodine Prophylaxis in Pelagonia and Southwest Regions, North Macedonia | PDF",1790664198,18]