[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-41115-en":3,"doc-seo-41115-105":30,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":91},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":4,"category_id":11,"category_name":12,"doc_title":13,"doc_description":14,"doc_content":15,"file_id":16,"file_url":17,"file_type":18,"file_size":19,"view_count":20,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":21,"is_downloadable":21,"audit_status":21,"page_count":22,"language":23,"language_code":24,"site_id":25,"html_lang":24,"table_of_contents":26,"faqs":27,"seo_title":13,"seo_description":14,"update_tm":28,"read_time":29},41115,7971461741311,"Ophelia","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/74000253aff267980c6?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1779345379180704826",8,"Research & Report","Thomas S. Kuhn and the Copernican Revolution: Summary and Methodological Introduction","The document provides an English-language guide to a book focused on Thomas S. Kuhn (1922–1996) and his ideas about the mechanism of scientific progress, especially as connected to the Copernican revolution. It highlights three framing claims: the work extends earlier doctoral research, it is presented as a largely original contribution in scholarship, and the abstract is treated as only a broad overview. The introduction sets out the book’s crucial problem, aims, and outline, then details methodological tools such as historical strategy, hermeneutics, text structure, and extended citations.","SUMMARY  \nThis summary attempts to provide a guide to the book for the Englishspeaking reader.  \nAt the beginning, let us note three points.  \nFirstly, the submitted book Thomas S. Kuhn (1922-1996) and the Issue of the Copernican Revolution is an extension of my PhD Thesis (1 1 December 1997, Instytut Historii Nauki Polskiej Akademii Nauk, Warszawa) .  \nSecondly, this book is, to a large extent, the first of its kind in literature.  \nThirdly, in the opinion of the present author, because the details are the substance of the book, its abstract should be treated as only a broad overview of the actual essence of the book.  \nINTRODUCTION (p. 1-14 )  \nCRUCIAL PROBLEM (p. 1-3)  \nOne of the fundamental paradoxes of the study of the humanistic and social sciences (such as the philosophy and history of science, the sociology of scientific knowledge, the psychology of scientific discovery) over the last four decades lies in the very limited acquaintance with factual substance, and all the more, the genesis of the famous theses proclaimed by Thomas S. Kuhn (1922- 1996) [his curriculum vitae is given in Appendix 1] about the mechanism of the progress of science.  \nAIM AND OUTLINE (p. 3-4)  \nThe aim of the book is to bridge this essential gap of contemporary humanistic and social sciences. However, as the present author ’s preliminary research has already shown, it is Kuhn ’s interpretations of the Copernican revolution that have constituted the primary source of his ideas about the mechanism of the progress of science. Thus, the need has arisen to carefully research the genesis and substance of these constructions, to become acquainted with existing critical evaluations of Kuhn ’s interpretations by earlier scholars, and, if possible, to formulate the present author ’s own critique of this issue.  \n316 Michał Kokowski   \nMETHODOLOGICAL INTRODUCTION (p. 5-9)  \nFor easier reading of the book, the Methodological Introduction supplies an explanation of the specific methodological tools applied in the book, i.e. the concept of the fundamental strategy of the historian, the idea of the hermeneutics used by the researcher, the concept of the structure of the scientific text, and the technique of extended citations; in this methodological context the term “science” is used in its broadest meaning, refering to all natural sciences and social sciences, including history (in English, this meaning is comparatively young, its origins date back a mere fifty years or so, but compared to German (“Wissenschaft”) and Polish (“nauka”), by contrast, it is an old, even classical concept in its origins) .  \nThe fundamental strategy of the historian, summarising the essential frames ofthe historical method, is (potentially) rather simple.  \nIn order to describe a researched episode (event or process) of History, an historian must became acquainted with the appropriate information contained in historical sources and put them with skill into a suitably constructed text – a certain story (narration) about this episode.  \nWhen the researched subject is, for instance, the views of a concrete historical person, it is an historian’s duty to read and enter into the spirit of all the possible writings of this person, both published and unpublished (his correspondence, notes, diaries, and the like) . Furthermore, the historian must also know the readings of the researched person, in order to estimate the degree of self-dependence and originality of the views proclaimed by this person.  \nThe term “the hermeneutics used by the researcher” means all the interpretative tools used by the researcher at the stage of his repeated attempts to comprehend the subject under study.  \nLet us give a simple illustrative example. In order to make out of a scientific article on the general theory of relativity, the researcher must, of course, know this theory. However, this is insufficient. He is also obliged to be acquainted with a great part of theoretical physics, with some branches of","cbCaiq5TsZm1rDy9","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiq5TsZm1rDy9","pdf",180539,2,1,14,"English","en",105,"# Introduction\n## Crucial Problem\n## Aim and Outline\n## Methodological Introduction\n# Part One","[{\"question\":\"What is the book’s central purpose regarding Kuhn’s ideas?\",\"answer\":\"The book aims to bridge the gap in contemporary humanistic and social sciences by researching the genesis and substance of Kuhn’s constructions, particularly those connected to the Copernican revolution.\"},{\"question\":\"What methodological tools does the Methodological Introduction describe?\",\"answer\":\"It explains the historian’s fundamental strategy, the hermeneutics used by the researcher, the structure of the scientific text, and the technique of extended citations.\"},{\"question\":\"Why does the author propose using extended citations?\",\"answer\":\"Because summarizing a thinker’s views 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is the book’s central purpose regarding Kuhn’s ideas?","Question",{"text":75,"@type":76},"The book aims to bridge the gap in contemporary humanistic and social sciences by researching the genesis and substance of Kuhn’s constructions, particularly those connected to the Copernican revolution.","Answer",{"name":78,"@type":73,"acceptedAnswer":79},"What methodological tools does the Methodological Introduction describe?",{"text":80,"@type":76},"It explains the historian’s fundamental strategy, the hermeneutics used by the researcher, the structure of the scientific text, and the technique of extended citations.",{"name":82,"@type":73,"acceptedAnswer":83},"Why does the author propose using extended citations?",{"text":84,"@type":76},"Because summarizing a thinker’s views “in one’s own words” can lead to loss of original information, especially when technical language or detailed issues are 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