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Subject to statutory exception and to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of Cambridge University Press.  \nFirst published 2005 Second edition 2013  \nPrinted in Italy by L.E.G.O. S.p.A.  \nA catalogue record for this publication is available from the British Library ISBN 978-1-107-60630-2 Paperback  \nCambridge University Press has no responsibility for the persistence or accuracy of URLs for external or third-party internet websites referred to in this publication, and does not guarantee that any content on such websites is, or will remain, accurate or appropriate. Information regarding prices, travel timetables and other factual information given in this work is correct atthe time of first printing but Cambridge University Press does not guarantee the accuracy of such information thereafter.  \nContents  \nUnit 1 Thinking and reasoning  \n1.1 Thinking as a skill 1  \n1.2 An introduction to critical thinking 7  \n1.3 Solutions not problems 13  \nUnit 2 Critical thinking: the basics  \n2.1 Claims, assertions, statements 16  \n2.2 Judging claims 21  \n2.3 Argument 28  \n2.4 Identifying arguments 33  \n2.5 Analysing arguments 38  \n2.6 Complex arguments 43  \n2.7 Conclusions 50  \n2.8 Reasons 58  \n2.9 Assumptions 63  \n2.10 Flaws and fallacies 70  \nUnit 3 Problem solving: basic skills  \n3.1 What do we mean by a ‘problem’? 79  \n3.2 How do we solve problems? 82  \n3.3 Selecting and using information 86  \n3.4 Processing data 90  \n3.5 Finding methods of solution 93  \n3.6 Solving problems by searching 98  \n3.7 Recognising patterns 102  \n3.8 Hypotheses, reasons, explanations and inference 106  \n3.9 Spatial reasoning 112  \n3.10 Necessity and sufficiency 116  \n3.11 Choosing and using models 119  \n3.12 Making choices and decisions 123  \nUnit 4 Applied critical thinking  \n4.1 Inference 126  \n4.2 Explanation 137  \n4.3 Evidence 144  \n4.4 Credibility 150  \n4.5 Two case studies 156  \n4.6 Critical thinking and science 163  \nContents iii  \n4.7 Introducing longer arguments 170  \n4.8 Applying analysis skills 177  \n4.9 Critical evaluation 183  \n4.10 Responding with further argument 191  \n4.11 A self-assessment 195  \nUnit 5 Advanced problem solving  \n5.1 Combining skills – using imagination 205  \n5.2 Developing models 211  \n5.3 Carrying out investigations 220  \n5.4 Data analysis and inference 225  \nUnit 6 Problem solving: further techniques  \n6.1 Using other mathematical methods 231  \n6.2 Graphical methods of solution 235  \n6.3 Probability, tree diagrams and decision trees 240  \n6.4 Have you solved it? 246  \nUnit 7 Critical reasoning: Advanced Level  \n7.1 Conditions and conditionals 249  \n7.2 Soundness and validity: a taste of logic 254  \n7.3 Non-deductive reasoning 262  \n7.4 Reasoning with statistics 269  \n7.5 Decision making 279  \n7.6 Principles 287  \n7.7 An argument under the microscope 295  \n7.8 Critical writing 301  \nAnswers to assignments 311  \nAppendix 342  \nAcknowledgements 344  \nIndex 345  \niv Contents  \nUnit 1 Thinking and reasoning  \n1.1 Thinking as a skill  \nThis book is about thinking. But it is not about any thinking. It is about those kinds of thinking that take conscious effort, and which can be done well or badly. Most of our thinking takes ","cbCaiqmadP9cgoxk","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiqmadP9cgoxk","pdf",9836770,354,"English","# Unit 1 Thinking and reasoning\n## Thinking as a skill\n## An introduction to critical thinking\n## Solutions not problems\n# Unit 2 Critical thinking: the basics\n## Claims, assertions, statements\n## Judging claims\n## Argument\n## Identifying arguments\n## Analysing arguments\n## Complex arguments\n## Conclusions\n## Reasons\n## Assumptions\n## Flaws and fallacies\n# Unit 3 Problem solving: basic skills\n## What do we mean by a ‘problem’?\n## How do we solve problems?\n## Selecting and using information\n## Processing data\n## Finding methods of solution\n## Solving problems by searching\n## Recognising patterns\n## Hypotheses, reasons, explanations and inference\n## Spatial reasoning\n## Necessity and sufficiency\n## Choosing and using models\n## Making choices and decisions\n# Unit 4 Applied critical thinking\n## Inference\n## Explanation\n## Evidence\n## Credibility\n## Two case studies\n## Critical thinking and science\n## Introducing longer arguments\n## Applying analysis skills\n## Critical evaluation\n## Responding with further argument\n## A self-assessment\n# Unit 5 Advanced problem solving\n## Combining skills – using imagination\n## Developing models\n## Carrying out investigations\n## Data analysis and inference\n# Unit 6 Problem solving: further techniques\n## Using other mathematical methods\n## Graphical methods of solution\n## Probability, tree diagrams and decision trees\n## Have you solved it?\n# Unit 7 Critical reasoning: Advanced Level\n## Conditions and conditionals\n## Soundness and validity: a taste of logic\n## Non-deductive reasoning\n## Reasoning with statistics\n## Decision making\n## Principles\n## An argument under the microscope\n## Critical writing\n# Answers to assignments\n# Appendix\n# Acknowledgements\n# Index","[{\"question\":\"What does the book mean by “thinking” as a skill?\",\"answer\":\"It focuses on kinds of thinking that take conscious effort and can be done well or badly. It distinguishes these from everyday preference or factual recall.\"},{\"question\":\"What are the main fundamentals of critical thinking covered in the book?\",\"answer\":\"The basics include claims and assertions, judging claims, argument identification and analysis, handling complex arguments, and reaching conclusions. It also covers reasons, assumptions, and flaws and fallacies.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the book approach problem solving?\",\"answer\":\"It starts with defining what a problem is, then explains how problems are solved using information selection, data processing, and methods of solution. It also teaches searching strategies, pattern recognition, hypotheses and inference, spatial reasoning, models, and decision making.\"},{\"question\":\"Does the book include advanced reasoning and logic topics?\",\"answer\":\"Yes. Later units cover advanced problem solving and techniques such as graphical methods, probability with tree diagrams and decision trees, and advanced critical reasoning including conditions, soundness and validity, and non-deductive reasoning with statistics.\"}]","Thinking Skills - Critical Thinking and Problem Solving - Second edition | PDF",1791162977,892]