[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-320256-105":59,"doc-detail-320256-en":131},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":124,"head_meta":126,"extra_data":128,"updated_unix":130},105,"en","thinking-fast-and-slow-introduction-improve-the-ability-to-identify-and-understand-errors","Thinking, Fast and Slow - Introduction - improve the ability to identify and understand errors","","Thinking, Fast and Slow presents a framework for understanding judgment and decision making through the study of errors and their recurring patterns. The text introduces a “watercooler” goal: enriching the vocabulary people use to discuss how others judge and choose—especially how gossip-like observation helps diagnose mistakes. It contrasts everyday confidence with the mind’s silent processes, describing how intuitive thinking can fail systematically, and how better diagnosis can guide interventions that reduce harm from biased choices.",{"@graph":69,"@context":123},[70,84,106],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":15,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/literature/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/thinking-fast-and-slow-introduction-improve-the-ability-to-identify-and-understand-errors/320256/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/thinking-fast-and-slow-introduction-improve-the-ability-to-identify-and-understand-errors/320256.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Genevieve","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-30","2026-09-21",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":105},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",11,{"@type":107,"mainEntity":108},"FAQPage",[109,115,119],{"name":110,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":112},"What is the book’s main aim for “watercooler conversations”?","Question",{"text":113,"@type":114},"To improve the ability to identify and understand errors of judgment and choice, first in others and eventually in oneself, using a richer and more precise vocabulary.","Answer",{"name":116,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":117},"Why does the text compare the goal to informed gossip?",{"text":118,"@type":114},"Because it is easier and more enjoyable to notice and label other people’s mistakes than to recognize our own, which can motivate serious self-criticism.",{"name":120,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":121},"How does the book describe intuition and when it can be wrong?",{"text":122,"@type":114},"Many judgments and actions are guided by impressions and feelings and are often appropriate, but people can be confident even when they are wrong because the mental work leading to impressions can occur silently without awareness.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":125,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":127,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":129,"site_id":62},320256,1790548026,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":132},{"doc_id":129,"user_id":133,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":14,"category_name":15,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":105,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":140,"language":141,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":142,"faqs":143,"seo_title":144,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":145,"read_time":146},1374391974585,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_276721f389ce27ea32af1340a28f341c","In memory ofAmos Tversky  \nContents  \nIntroduction  \nPart I. Two Systems  \n1. The Characters of the Story  \n2. Attention and Effort  \n3. The Lazy Controller  \n4. The Associative Machine  \n5. Cognitive Ease  \n6. Norms, Surprises, and Causes  \n7. A Machine for Jumping to Conclusions  \n8. How Judgments Happen  \n9. Answering an Easier Question  \nPart II. Heuristics and Biases  \n10. The Law of Small Numbers  \n\u003C5>  \n11. Anchors  \n12. The Science of Availability  \n13. Availability, Emotion, and Risk  \n14. Tom W’s Specialty  \n15. Linda: Less is More  \n16. Causes Trump Statistics  \n17. Regression to the Mean  \n18. Taming Intuitive Predictions  \nPart III. Overconfidence  \n19. The Illusion of Understanding  \n20. The Illusion of Validity  \n21. Intuitions Vs. Formulas  \n22. Expert Intuition: When Can We Trust It?  \n23. The Outside View  \n24. The Engine of Capitalism  \nPart IV. Choices  \n25. Bernoulli’s Errors  \n26. Prospect Theory  \n27. The Endowment Effect  \n28. Bad Events  \n29. The Fourfold Pattern  \n30. Rare Events  \n31. Risk Policies  \n32. Keeping Score  \n33. Reversals  \n34. Frames and Reality  \nPart V. Two Selves  \n35. Two Selves  \n36. Life as a Story  \n37. Experienced Well-Being  \n38. Thinking About Life  \nConclusions  \nAppendix A: Judgment Under Uncertainty  \nAppendix B: Choices, Values, and Frames  \nAcknowledgments  \nNotes  \nIndex  \nIntroduction  \nEvery author, Isuppose , has in mind a setting in which readers of his or her work could benefit from having read it. Mine is the proverbial office watercooler, where opinions are shared and gossip is exchanged. I hope to enrich the vocabulary that people use when they talk about the judgments and choices of others, the company’s new policies, or a colleague’s investment decisions. Why be concerned with gossip? Because it is much easier, as well as far more enjoyable , to identify and label the mistakes of others than to recognize our own. Questioning what we believe and want is difficult at the best of times, and especially difficult when we most need to do it, but we can benefit from the informed opinions of others. Many of us spontaneously anticipate how friends and colleagues will evaluate our choices; the quality and content of these anticipated judgments therefore matters. The expectation of intelligent gossip is a powerful motive for serious self-criticism, more powerful than New Year resolutions to improve one’s decision making at work and at home.  \nTo be a good diagnostician, a physician needs to acquire a large set of labels for diseases, each of which binds an idea of the illness and its symptoms, possible antecedents and causes, possible developments and consequences, and possible interventions to cure or mitigate the illness. Learning medicine consists in part of learning the language of medicine. A deeper understanding of judgments and choices also requires a richer vocabulary than is available in everyday language. The hope for informed gossip is that there are distinctive patterns in the errors people make. Systematic errors are known as biases, and they recur predictably in particular circumstances. When the handsome and confident speaker bounds onto the stage , for example , you can anticipate that the audience will judge his comments more favorably than he deserves. The availability of a diagnostic label for this bias—the halo effect—makes it easier to anticipate , recognize , and understand.  \nWhen you are asked what you are thinking about, you can normally answer. You believe you know what goes on in your mind , which often consists of one conscious thought leading in an orderly way to another. But that is not the only way the mind works, nor indeed is that the typical way. Most impressions and thoughts arise in your conscious experience without your knowing how they got there. You cannot tracryd>e how you came to the belief that there is a lamp on the desk in front of you, or how you detected a hint of irritation in your spouse’s voice on the telephone , or how  \nyo","cbCaipI60ADlHrrB","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaipI60ADlHrrB","pdf",3556978,533,"English","# Introduction\n## Part I. Two Systems\n## Part II. Heuristics and Biases\n## Part III. Overconfidence\n## Part IV. Choices\n## Part V. Two Selves\n## Conclusions\n## Appendix A: Judgment Under Uncertainty\n## Appendix B: Choices, Values, and Frames","[{\"question\":\"What is the book’s main aim for “watercooler conversations”?\",\"answer\":\"To improve the ability to identify and understand errors of judgment and choice, first in others and eventually in oneself, using a richer and more precise vocabulary.\"},{\"question\":\"Why does the text compare the goal to informed gossip?\",\"answer\":\"Because it is easier and more enjoyable to notice and label other people’s mistakes than to recognize our own, which can motivate serious self-criticism.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the book describe intuition and when it can be wrong?\",\"answer\":\"Many judgments and actions are guided by impressions and feelings and are often appropriate, but people can be confident even when they are wrong because the mental work leading to impressions can occur silently without awareness.\"}]","Thinking, Fast and Slow - Introduction - improve the ability to identify and understand errors | PDF",1789949503,821]