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This study examines banana-peel biomass as a carbon-rich feedstock for syngas production via gasification. Biomass was prepared and characterized using moisture content, bulk density, calorific value, and elemental, bromatological, and immediate analyses. Gasification at 600–900 °C produced hydrogen-rich syngas whose concentration increased with temperature. Maximum calorific values and thermal/electrical energy potential occurred at 900 °C, while 800 °C showed similar performance, suggesting high efficiency with potentially lower energy input.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/thermochemical-evaluation-of-banana-peel-biomass-for-syngas-production-thermal-and-electrical-energy-production-potential/443900/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/thermochemical-evaluation-of-banana-peel-biomass-for-syngas-production-thermal-and-electrical-energy-production-potential/443900.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Jordan Avery","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-03","2026-09-29",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":81},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"Why are renewable energy sources like biomass important in this study?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"The study links fossil-fuel use to substantial greenhouse-gas emissions and energy-market dependence. Biomass is highlighted as a renewable carbon source with strong thermoconversion potential for producing useful energy carriers.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How was the banana peel biomass prepared and evaluated before gasification?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"The biomass was prepared and characterized by measuring moisture content, bulk density, and calorific value, along with elemental, bromatological, and immediate analyses.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What effect did gasification temperature have on syngas and energy potential?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Syngas rich in hydrogen increased in concentration with temperature. The highest calorific values and thermal/electrical energy potential were observed at 900 °C, while 800 °C produced similar results, indicating strong process efficiency.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},443900,1790971150,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":81,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":44,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":143,"read_time":144},1099523882367,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_9964176cb1d06d4a9deccf72a44ae3dc","This article is licensed under CC-BY 4.0   \n[http://pubs.acs.org/journal/acsodf](http://pubs.acs.org/journal/acsodf)  Article   \nThermochemical Evaluation of Banana Peel Biomass for Syngas Production: Thermal and Electrical Energy Production Potential  \nShirlene T. O. Santos, * Deivson C. S. Sales, * Adalberto F. Nascimento J́unior, * and Sergio P. R. Silva *  \n Cite This: ACS Omega 2025, 10, 58610−58618  \nRead Online  \n\n|  |  |  |  |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| ACCESS   | Metrics & More |  |  Article Recommendations |\n\nABSTRACT: The global use of fossil fuels remains high, leading to significant greenhouse gas emissions. To mitigate this, renewable energy sources must be explored, with biomass being a promising option. Biomass is carbon-rich and has a strong thermoconversion potential. In Brazil, banana peel stands out as an abundant biomass source suitable for this process. This study investigates the  \ngasification of banana peel to produce syngas, which is a key precursor for synthetic fuels. The biomass was first prepared and characterized by analyzing moisture content, bulk density, and calorific value and through elemental, bromatological, and immediate analyses. Gasification was then performed at 600, 700, 800, and 900 °C. The results showed a high carbon content, especially volatile carbon, confirming its thermoconversion potential. Syngas rich in hydrogen was produced, with its concentration increasing with the temperature. The highest calorific values were observed at 900 °C, along with greater thermal and electrical energy potential. However, values at 800 °C were similar, suggesting that it is an optimal temperature for the process due to efficiency and potentially lower energy input requirements. This highlights banana peel’s viability as a feedstock for renewable energy through thermochemical conversion.  \n■ INTRODUCTION  \nThe world’s energy consumption still is based on fuels derived from petroleum, as well as natural gas and coal. 1 As a consequence, a large amount of greenhouse gas emissions (GGE), such as CO2, NOx, and SOx, were produced,2 reaching 53.6 ± 5.2 GT CO2 e yr−1 in the past decade (2014−2023).3 In addition to contributing to environmental pollution, these energy sources also create a dependence on the oil market since most fuels are produced from this source.4  \nThere are countries where the energy matrix is composed of approximately half of the share of clean sources and the other half of fossil fuel sources, such as Brazil, in which 47.4% of the domestic energy supply comes from renewable energy sources. In South American countries, the generation of electric power is dominated by hydroelectric plants, but the lack of useful volume in reservoirs can lead to a decrease in the level of generation during periods of scarcity. From the past decade onward, solar and wind power generation contributed significantly to the national energy production in these countries.5 However, because of international agreements, plants should be powered by renewable and clean fuels, such as biomass.6  \nBiomass is a renewable natural resource of carbon derived from organic materials, agricultural or industrial waste, which are composed of chemical energy content and can be presented in the form of solid, liquid, or gaseous biofuels.7,8 The bananas (Musa ssp) are the most consumed and produced fruit worldwide.9 In 2021, world banana production was 124 Mt,10 and an increase of 1.4% per year is estimated, reaching a production of 138 Mt in 2030.11 Brazil is the fourth largest  \nproducer in the world, with 6.8 Mt of bananas produced, occupying around 453,273 ha of harvested area.10  \nThe peel is the major residue from bananas, being a very important biomass, representing 40% of the fruit’s weight.12 In 2021, around 49.6 Mt of banana peels were generated, resulting in large amounts of waste. Tons of this waste are generated daily, mainly in homes, coffee shops, restaurants, fairs, and industries.13  \nThe banana peel is a bi","cbCaik8GQhYPYUX0","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaik8GQhYPYUX0","pdf",3427105,"English","# Abstract\n# Introduction\n## Energy background and greenhouse-gas impact\n## Role of biomass and banana-peel residue\n## Composition, limitations of natural degradation, and disposal impacts\n## Thermochemical routes and gasification rationale","[{\"question\":\"Why are renewable energy sources like biomass important in this study?\",\"answer\":\"The study links fossil-fuel use to substantial greenhouse-gas emissions and energy-market dependence. Biomass is highlighted as a renewable carbon source with strong thermoconversion potential for producing useful energy carriers.\"},{\"question\":\"How was the banana peel biomass prepared and evaluated before gasification?\",\"answer\":\"The biomass was prepared and characterized by measuring moisture content, bulk density, and calorific value, along with elemental, bromatological, and immediate analyses.\"},{\"question\":\"What effect did gasification temperature have on syngas and energy potential?\",\"answer\":\"Syngas rich in hydrogen increased in concentration with temperature. The highest calorific values and thermal/electrical energy potential were observed at 900 °C, while 800 °C produced similar results, indicating strong process efficiency.\"}]","Thermochemical Evaluation of Banana Peel Biomass for Syngas Production - Thermal and Electrical Energy Production Potential | PDF",1790705986,23]