[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-664688-105":59,"doc-detail-664688-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","thermal-energy-storage-technologies","Thermal Energy Storage Technologies","","Thermal storage technologies enable large-capacity, long-duration energy shifting to support high penetrations of intermittent renewables, flexible dispatch for conventional baseload, and seasonal energy needs. Technologies include sensible storage (heat in liquids like molten salts or solids such as concrete, rocks, and particles), latent heat storage using phase-change materials, and thermochemical storage via reversible chemical bond formation. The material reviews current research across these pathways, highlighting remaining challenges and future opportunities.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":30,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/technology/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/thermal-energy-storage-technologies/664688/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/thermal-energy-storage-technologies/664688.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"The weather in my hometown","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-30","2026-10-29",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":81},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What long-duration roles can thermal storage technologies support?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"They provide large-capacity, long-duration storage to enable higher renewable penetration, flexible generation for conventional baseload needs, and seasonal energy requirements.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"What are the main types of thermal storage discussed?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"The document covers sensible, latent, and thermochemical thermal storage technologies.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"How does latent heat storage differ from sensible storage?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Latent storage relies on phase change materials and the latent heat during melting/freezing, while sensible storage uses temperature differences in a storage medium such as molten salts or solids.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},664688,1793267056,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":29,"category_name":30,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":81,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":129,"read_time":144},1374408744247,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/14001251d37d565ec6f?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1790672120290115972","Thermal Energy Storage Technologies  \nAuthors & Affiliations: Clifford K. Ho (Renewable Energy Technologies) and Andrea Ambrosini (Concentrating Solar Technologies), Sandia National Laboratories  \n1. Abstract  \nThermal storage technologies have the potential to provide large capacity, long-duration storage to enable high penetrations of intermittent renewable energy, flexible energy generation for conventional baseload sources, and seasonal energy needs. Thermal storage options include sensible, latent, and thermochemical technologies. Sensible thermal storage includes storing heat in liquids such as molten salts and in solids such as concrete blocks, rocks, or sand-like particles. Latent heat storage involves storing heat in a phase-change material that utilizes the large latent heat of phase change during melting of a solid to a liquid. Thermochemical storage converts heat into chemical bonds, which is reversible and beneficial for long-term storage applications. Current research in each of the thermal storage technologies is described, along with remaining challenges and future opportunities.  \n2. Key Terms  \nThermal storage, sensible storage, latent storage, thermochemical storage, long-duration storage  \n3. Introduction  \n3.1. Problem Statement  \nIncreasing penetrations of intermittent renewable energy sources (e.g., photovoltaics [PV] and wind energy) have increased the need for energy storage technologies to accommodate daily periods of overgeneration and peak loads. These diurnal energy-storage requirements are categorized in this chapter as short-duration and span periods from seconds to hours with capacities ranging from kilowatts to gigawatts. Previous studies have suggested that the decreasing costs of batteries and associated technologies may enable battery systems to meet the short-duration needs of the grid with high penetrations of intermittent renewable energy systems [1, 2] . However, recent studies have shown that long-duration energy storage (days to months) will be needed to accommodate 100% renewable (or carbon-free) energy generation [3] . In addition, long-duration energy storage will be needed to increase the security and resilience of the electrical grid in the face of increasing natural disasters and intentional threats.  \n3.2. Thermal Storage Applications  \nFigure 1 shows a chart of current energy storage technologies as a function of discharge times and power capacity for short-duration energy storage [4] . Within the range of short-duration energy storage capacities, applications include reserve and response services (1–100 kW), transmission and distribution support grid (100 kW–10 MW), and bulk power management (10 MW–1 GW) . Although thermal storage technology is included in the chart as cryogenic energy storage, hot thermal storage using sensible, latent, or thermochemical methods [5, 6] is not  \nshown. Commercial concentrating solar power (CSP) using sensible heat storage has demonstrated the ability to provide on the order of 100 MW of power capacity over 10 hours (~1 GWh) for both grid support and bulk power management.  \nThermal storage technologies are also being considered for nuclear power plants to increase the flexibility of these traditionally baseload systems [6] . At times of low or negative electricity prices, heat (or electricity) generated by the nuclear reactor would be sent to thermal storage. At times of high electricity prices, the heat from the reactor and thermal storage would be used to produce maximum electricity output (Figure 2) . New Generation IV nuclear reactors deliver higher temperatures to the power cycle relative to water-cooled reactors, which is beneficial for thermal storage because at higher temperatures, less storage material is required to deliver a desired amount of thermal power. In addition, the higher temperatures enable more efficient thermal-to-electric power conversion. Adding thermal energy storage to geothermal power plants to increase flexibility ","cbCailMvbXvLVSzL","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCailMvbXvLVSzL","pdf",1228667,21,"English","# Abstract\n# Key Terms\n# Introduction\n## Problem Statement\n## Thermal Storage Applications\n## Technology Overview","[{\"question\":\"What long-duration roles can thermal storage technologies support?\",\"answer\":\"They provide large-capacity, long-duration storage to enable higher renewable penetration, flexible generation for conventional baseload needs, and seasonal energy requirements.\"},{\"question\":\"What are the main types of thermal storage discussed?\",\"answer\":\"The document covers sensible, latent, and thermochemical thermal storage technologies.\"},{\"question\":\"How does latent heat storage differ from sensible storage?\",\"answer\":\"Latent storage relies on phase change materials and the latent heat during melting/freezing, while sensible storage uses temperature differences in a storage medium such as molten salts or solids.\"}]","Thermal Energy Storage Technologies | PDF",53]