[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-342729-105":59,"doc-detail-342729-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","therapeutic-potential-of-clusterin-inhibition-in-human-cancer-academic-article","Therapeutic Potential of Clusterin Inhibition in Human Cancer - Academic Article","","Clusterin (CLU) protein participates in multiple cancer-relevant pathophysiological processes, including carcinogenesis and tumor progression. Secretory CLU in tumor cells suppresses apoptosis and promotes resistance to conventional therapies. The review consolidates evidence on therapeutic strategies that inhibit CLU across diverse cancer types, assessing how this approach could support the development of new targeted treatments against human cancer.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/therapeutic-potential-of-clusterin-inhibition-in-human-cancer-academic-article/342729/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/therapeutic-potential-of-clusterin-inhibition-in-human-cancer-academic-article/342729.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Emma Wilson","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-09-23","2026-09-22",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":14},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What role does clusterin (CLU) play in cancer progression?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"CLU is implicated in carcinogenesis and tumor progression, and the secretory isoform can inhibit apoptosis and support resistance to conventional cancer treatments.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"Why is inhibiting CLU considered therapeutically relevant?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Because multiple studies indicate that CLU inhibition may counteract apoptosis suppression and reduce treatment resistance, enabling exploration of targeted new therapies.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"How does CLU gene structure relate to its isoforms and regulation?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"The CLU gene is structured with 11 exons and generates at least 17 splice variants, with different first exons and untranslated terminal regions producing distinct transcription products.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},342729,1790185761,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":14,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145},3848291630094,"https://eur-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_085a072bc5b1113ac321206ff7593b45","cells  \nReview  \nTherapeutic Potential of Clusterin Inhibition in Human Cancer  \nDesirée Martín-García 1,2,3,4,†, Marilina García-Aranda 2,3,4,† and Maximino Redondo 1,2,3,4, *  \nCitation: Martín-García, D.; García-Aranda, M.; Redondo, M. Therapeutic Potential of Clusterin Inhibition in Human Cancer. Cells 2024, 13, 665. [https://doi.org/](https://doi.org/)[ ](https://doi.org/)[10.3390/cells13080665](10.3390/cells13080665)  \nAcademic Editor: Jozsef Dudas  \nReceived: 5 February 2024  \nRevised: 11 March 2024  \nAccepted: 9 April 2024  \nPublished: 10 April 2024  \nCopyright: © 2024 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ([https://](https://)[ ](https://)[creativecommons.org/licenses/by/](creativecommons.org/licenses/by/)[ ](creativecommons.org/licenses/by/)[4.0/](4.0/)) .  \n1 Surgical Specialties, Biochemistry and Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain; desirermg@uma.es  \n2 Red de Investigación en Servicios de Salud en Enfermedades Crónicas (REDISSEC), Red de Investigación en Cronicidad, Atención Primaria y Promoción de la Salud (RICAPPS), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), 29590 Málaga, Spain; [marilina@uma.es](marilina@uma.es)  \n3 Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina—IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, 29590 Málaga, Spain  \n4 Research and Innovation Unit, Hospital Costa del Sol, 29602 Marbella, Spain  \n* Correspondence: maximino.redondo.sspa@juntadeandalucia.es † These authors contributed equally to this work.  \nAbstract: Clusterin (CLU) protein is involved in various pathophysiological processes including carcinogenesis and tumor progression. In recent years, the role of the secretory isoform has been demonstrated in tumor cells, where it inhibits apoptosis and favors the acquisition of resistance to conventional treatments used to treat cancer. To determine the possible therapeutic potential of inhibiting this protein, numerous studies have been carried out in this field. In this article, we present the existing knowledge to date on the inhibition of this protein in different types of cancer and analyze the importance it could have in the development of new therapies targeted against this disease.  \nKeywords: clusterin; human cancer; targeted treatment; resistance; therapeutic potential  \n1. Introduction  \nClusterin (CLU), also known by various names such as Apoliprotein J (APOJ), Complement Lysis Inhibitor (CLI), Complimented associated protein SP-40, 40 (SP-40), Sulfated Glycoprotein 2 (SGP-2), Testosterone-Repressed Prostate Message 2 (TRPM2), and Ku70-Binding Protein 1 or KUB1, is a multifunctional protein encoded by the CLU gene [1], widely expressed in various human tissues [2,3] . Over the years, CLU has been identified as a key molecule in a variety of physiological processes [3], including cell differentiation, morphogenesis [4], sperm maturation, lipid transport, complement inhibition, tissue remodeling, membrane recycling, cell–cell and cell–substrate interactions, the stabilization of stressed proteins, and cell proliferation, survival, and apoptosis [5,6] .  \nAlterations in CLU expression have been associated with serious physiological diseases, such as spongiform encephalopathies, hippocampal and heart ischemic injuries, atherosclerosis [7], schizophrenia [8], cardiovascular diseases [9], cancer, vascular damage, diabetes, and osteoarthritis [10], and degenerative conditions such as age-related macular degeneration, retinitis pigmentosa [11], Parkinson’s disease [12], and Alzheimer’s [13,14] . These conditions are often more prominent in advanced aging [13,14], where CLU overexpression has been observed in phenomena such as enhanced cell migration [15], chemotherapy resistance [16,17], and more aggressive biological behaviors [18] in malignant cells. CLU has been proposed as ","cbCaijnYf1R3KWC3","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaijnYf1R3KWC3","pdf",1206260,18,"English","# Introduction\n# Isoforms and Regulation of CLU Expression Gene","[{\"question\":\"What role does clusterin (CLU) play in cancer progression?\",\"answer\":\"CLU is implicated in carcinogenesis and tumor progression, and the secretory isoform can inhibit apoptosis and support resistance to conventional cancer treatments.\"},{\"question\":\"Why is inhibiting CLU considered therapeutically relevant?\",\"answer\":\"Because multiple studies indicate that CLU inhibition may counteract apoptosis suppression and reduce treatment resistance, enabling exploration of targeted new therapies.\"},{\"question\":\"How does CLU gene structure relate to its isoforms and regulation?\",\"answer\":\"The CLU gene is structured with 11 exons and generates at least 17 splice variants, with different first exons and untranslated terminal regions producing distinct transcription products.\"}]","Therapeutic Potential of Clusterin Inhibition in Human Cancer - Academic Article | PDF",1790047928,45]