[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-151206-en":3,"doc-seo-151206-105":30,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":91},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":4,"category_id":11,"category_name":12,"doc_title":13,"doc_description":14,"doc_content":15,"file_id":16,"file_url":17,"file_type":18,"file_size":19,"view_count":4,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":20,"is_downloadable":20,"audit_status":20,"page_count":21,"language":22,"language_code":23,"site_id":24,"html_lang":23,"table_of_contents":25,"faqs":26,"seo_title":27,"seo_description":14,"update_tm":28,"read_time":29},151206,962085564381,"Bintang","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_6f874abed73319feea01a86fa6f0fab8",8,"Research & Report","The Work of the International Congress of Geologists - Address Delivered August 10, 1887","Eleven years after the American Association meeting at Buffalo, the address recounts how international collaboration among geologists led to forming an International Congress. It traces three meetings in Paris (1878), Bologna (1881), and Berlin (1885), and outlines aims for future action at London. The congress work focuses on geologic nomenclature and classification, conventions for geological maps, and preparation of a Europe-wide map in forty-nine sheets, including adopted taxonomic rankings and interim decisions.","ART.XLVIII.—The work of the International Congress of Geolo-gists;by(.K.GILBERT.  \n[Address delivered before the Section of Geology and Geograply of the Ameri-can Association for the Advancement of Science,at the New York meeting,August 10,1887.]  \nELEVEN years ago this Association met at Buffalo.It was theyear of the Centennial Exhibition,and we were honored by thepresence of a number of European geologists.This naturallyopened the subject of the international relations of geology,andthe proposition to institnte a congress of geologists of the worldtook form in the appointment by the association of an Interna-tional Committee.The project thus initiated found favor else-where,and there resulted an international organization,whichup to the present time has held three meetings.It convenedfirst at Paris in 1878,then at Bologna in 1881,_and at Ber-lin in 1885.*Its next meeting will be held in London nextyear,and an endeavor will be made to secure for the United  \n*The report of the Paris meeting,entitled Congres international de Géologie isa document of the Eacposition universelle internationale de 1878,à Paris,and cov-ers 313 pages,8°.The report of the Bologna meeting was printed by the Con-gress:\"Congrès geologique inlernationalcompte rendu de la 2me session,Bologna,1881;\"pp.XV+663,8°.The official report of the Berlin meeting has not yetappeared;but its proceedings are abstracted in“The work of the InternationalCongress of Geologists,and of its Committees.Published by the American  \nStates the honor of the fifth meeting.  The original com-mittee of the association has been continued,with somechange of membership,and has sent representatives to eachsession of the congress.  \nThe work of the congress,as originally conceived and as sub-sequently undertaken,has for its scope geologic nomenclatureand classification,and the conventions of geologic maps.Theparticular classifications attempted are the establishment of themajor divisions used in historic and stratigraphic geology andthe subdivision of volcanic rocks.In nomenclature three thingsare undertaken:first,the determination of the names of historicand stratigraphic divisions;second,the formulation of rules fornomenclature in paleontology and mineralogy;and third,theestablishment and definition of ·the taxonomic terms of chro-nology(period,epoch,etc.),and of stratigraphy(system,series,etc.)The map conventions most discussed are colors,but allsigns for the graphic indication of geologic data are considered.The congress has also undertaken the preparation of a largemap of Europe,to be printed in forty-nine sheets.  \nThe work was for the most part planned at the Paris meeting,and committees were appointed to formulate subjects for actionby the congress at subsequent sessions.Briefly stated,the workaccomplished to the present time is as follows:Agreement hasbeen reached as to the rank and equivalence of the taxonomicterms employed in chronology and stratigraphy,a set of rulesfor paleontologic nomenclature has been adopted,and manysheets of the map of Europe have been prepared for the en-graver.A partial classification of stratified rocks has beenagreed to and also a partial scheme of map colors,but the re-ports of proceedings indicate that action in these matters istentative rather than final.  \nIt is understood that both of these subjects will have prom-inent place in the proceedings at the London meeting,and theAmerican committee is endeavoring to prepare itself for repre-sentative action at that meeting by ascertaining the opinions offall American geologists on the various subjects.It has askedthis Section to set apart a day for the discussion of some of themore important questions,and it can hardly be doubted thatthe Section will realize the mutual advantage of thus assigningthe time requested.*I am personally so impressed with the im-  \nCommittee,under the direction of Persifor Frazer.Docteur des sciences naturelles(Univ.de.France).Secretary.1886;\"pp.109,8°;and its work is summar","cbCaibxCykXWLmLy","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaibxCykXWLmLy","pdf",1148437,1,22,"English","en",105,"# International origins and meetings\n## From the Buffalo meeting to an international committee\n# Scope and objectives of the congress\n## Nomenclature and classification tasks\n## Map conventions and a Europe map project\n# Progress to date and key decisions\n## Chronology and stratigraphy equivalence\n## Paleontologic nomenclature rules and map preparation\n# Discussion and terminology\n## Taxonomic ranks for stratigraphy and chronology","[{\"question\":\"Why was an international congress of geologists proposed?\",\"answer\":\"The address explains that international relations of geology motivated the proposition, leading to appointment of an International Committee and an international organization.\"},{\"question\":\"What are the main areas of work for the congress?\",\"answer\":\"The congress focuses on geologic nomenclature and classification, map conventions (including colors and graphic signs), and related preparatory projects such as a large map of Europe.\"},{\"question\":\"What terminology and taxonomic ranks were adopted for stratigraphy and chronology?\",\"answer\":\"It states that stratigraphic ranks are group, system, series, and stage, while chronologic divisions are era, period, epoch, and age, aiming to bring order and uniformity.\"}]","The Work of the International Congress of Geologists - Address Delivered August 10, 1887 | PDF",1787834246,55,{"code":4,"msg":31,"data":32},"ok",{"site_id":24,"language":23,"slug":33,"title":13,"keywords":34,"description":14,"schema_data":35,"social_meta":86,"head_meta":88,"extra_data":90,"updated_unix":28},"the-work-of-the-international-congress-of-geologists-address-delivered-august-10-1887","",{"@graph":36,"@context":85},[37,54,68],{"@type":38,"itemListElement":39},"BreadcrumbList",[40,44,48,51],{"item":41,"name":42,"@type":43,"position":20},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":45,"name":46,"@type":43,"position":47},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":49,"name":12,"@type":43,"position":50},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":52,"name":13,"@type":43,"position":53},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/the-work-of-the-international-congress-of-geologists-address-delivered-august-10-1887/151206/",4,{"url":52,"name":13,"@type":55,"author":56,"headline":13,"publisher":58,"fileFormat":61,"inLanguage":23,"description":14,"dateModified":62,"datePublished":62,"encodingFormat":61,"isAccessibleForFree":63,"interactionStatistic":64},"DigitalDocument",{"name":9,"@type":57},"Person",{"url":41,"name":59,"@type":60},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-08-27",true,{"@type":65,"interactionType":66,"userInteractionCount":4},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":67},"ViewAction",{"@type":69,"mainEntity":70},"FAQPage",[71,77,81],{"name":72,"@type":73,"acceptedAnswer":74},"Why was an international congress of geologists proposed?","Question",{"text":75,"@type":76},"The address explains that international relations of geology motivated the proposition, leading to appointment of an International Committee and an international organization.","Answer",{"name":78,"@type":73,"acceptedAnswer":79},"What are the main areas of work for the congress?",{"text":80,"@type":76},"The congress focuses on geologic nomenclature and classification, map conventions (including colors and graphic signs), and related preparatory projects such as a large map of Europe.",{"name":82,"@type":73,"acceptedAnswer":83},"What terminology and taxonomic ranks were adopted for stratigraphy and chronology?",{"text":84,"@type":76},"It states that stratigraphic ranks are group, system, series, and stage, while chronologic divisions are era, period, epoch, and age, aiming to bring order and uniformity.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":52,"og:type":87,"og:title":13,"og:site_name":59,"og:description":14},"article",{"robots":89,"canonical":52},"index,follow",{"doc_id":7,"site_id":24},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":92},[93,97,101,105,110,115,120,123,128,131,135],{"id":20,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":94,"show_sort_weight":95,"slug":96},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":47,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":98,"show_sort_weight":99,"slug":100},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":53,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":102,"show_sort_weight":103,"slug":104},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":106,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":107,"show_sort_weight":108,"slug":109},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":111,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":112,"show_sort_weight":113,"slug":114},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":116,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":117,"show_sort_weight":118,"slug":119},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":11,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":12,"show_sort_weight":121,"slug":122},30,"research-report",{"id":124,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":125,"show_sort_weight":126,"slug":127},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":126,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":129,"show_sort_weight":126,"slug":130},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":132,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":133,"show_sort_weight":132,"slug":134},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":136,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":137,"show_sort_weight":106,"slug":138},19,"General","general"]