[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-seo-331843-105":3,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":81,"doc-detail-331843-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"ok",{"site_id":7,"language":8,"slug":9,"title":10,"keywords":11,"description":12,"schema_data":13,"social_meta":74,"head_meta":76,"extra_data":78,"updated_unix":80},105,"en","the-various-roles-of-pedf-in-cancer","The Various Roles of PEDF in Cancer","","Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) is a natural immunomodulator with anti-inflammatory, anti-angiogenic, anti-tumour growth and anti-metastatic activity. It can enhance tumour responses to PEDF, but in some contexts may also exert pro-cancer effects. As inflammation is a major driver of cancer, PEDF’s anti-inflammatory role is emphasized. The review examines how PEDF functional activity can be investigated using metastatic and metabolic biomarkers.",{"@graph":14,"@context":73},[15,34,56],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/","Research & Report",3,{"item":32,"name":10,"@type":21,"position":33},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/the-various-roles-of-pedf-in-cancer/331843/",4,{"url":32,"name":10,"@type":35,"image":36,"author":41,"headline":10,"publisher":44,"fileFormat":47,"inLanguage":8,"description":12,"dateModified":48,"datePublished":49,"encodingFormat":47,"isAccessibleForFree":50,"interactionStatistic":51},"DigitalDocument",{"url":37,"@type":38,"width":39,"height":40},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/the-various-roles-of-pedf-in-cancer/331843.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":42,"@type":43},"Himbo","Person",{"url":19,"name":45,"@type":46},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-26","2026-09-21",true,{"@type":52,"interactionType":53,"userInteractionCount":55},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":54},"ViewAction",7,{"@type":57,"mainEntity":58},"FAQPage",[59,65,69],{"name":60,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":62},"What is PEDF and why is it relevant to cancer?","Question",{"text":63,"@type":64},"PEDF (pigment epithelium-derived factor) is a versatile protein with potent effects against multiple aspects of cancer, including initiation and spread. The review focuses on mechanisms underlying its anticancer properties.","Answer",{"name":66,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":67},"How can PEDF have both anti-cancer and pro-cancer effects?",{"text":68,"@type":64},"The review notes that PEDF can enhance tumour response to PEDF, yet in other circumstances may conversely produce pro-cancerous effects. This implies context-dependent biological behavior.",{"name":70,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":71},"How is PEDF activity investigated in cancer research?",{"text":72,"@type":64},"PEDF functional activity can be studied by measuring metastatic and metabolic biomarkers. These biomarkers help connect PEDF activity to cancer outcomes, as discussed in the review.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":32,"og:type":75,"og:title":10,"og:site_name":45,"og:description":12},"article",{"robots":77,"canonical":32},"index,follow",{"doc_id":79,"site_id":7},331843,1790215936,{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":83},"success",[84,88,92,96,101,106,110,114,119,122,126],{"id":22,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":85,"show_sort_weight":86,"slug":87},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":26,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":89,"show_sort_weight":90,"slug":91},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":33,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":93,"show_sort_weight":94,"slug":95},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":97,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":98,"show_sort_weight":99,"slug":100},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":102,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":103,"show_sort_weight":104,"slug":105},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":55,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":107,"show_sort_weight":108,"slug":109},"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":111,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":29,"show_sort_weight":112,"slug":113},8,30,"research-report",{"id":115,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":116,"show_sort_weight":117,"slug":118},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":117,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":120,"show_sort_weight":117,"slug":121},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":123,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":124,"show_sort_weight":123,"slug":125},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":127,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":128,"show_sort_weight":97,"slug":129},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":131},{"doc_id":79,"user_id":132,"nickname":42,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":111,"category_name":29,"doc_title":10,"doc_description":12,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":55,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":22,"is_downloadable":22,"audit_status":22,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":8,"site_id":7,"html_lang":8,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":12,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145,"preview_page_count":4},687197100911,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/a000239b6f1da00475?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1785132997149421697","cancers   \nReview  \nThe Various Roles of PEDF in Cancer  \nMitra Elmi 1,2, Joshua H. Dass 1,3 and Crispin R. Dass 1,2, *  \nCitation: Elmi, M.; Dass, J.H.; Dass, C.R. The Various Roles of PEDF in Cancer. Cancers 2024, 16, 510 . [https://doi.org/10.3390/](https://doi.org/10.3390/)[ ](https://doi.org/10.3390/)cancers16030510  \nAcademic Editors: Deepak Parashar, Vivek K. Kashyap and Subhash Tripathi  \nReceived: 5 December 2023  \nRevised: 16 January 2024  \nAccepted: 23 January 2024  \nPublished: 24 January 2024  \nCopyright: © 2024 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ([https://](https://)[ ](https://)[creativecommons.org/licenses/by/](creativecommons.org/licenses/by/)[ ](creativecommons.org/licenses/by/)[4.0/](4.0/)) .  \n1 Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia;  \n[mitra.elmi@postgrad.curtin.edu.au](mitra.elmi@postgrad.curtin.edu.au) (M.E.); [joshua.dass@curtin.edu.au](joshua.dass@curtin.edu.au) (J.H.D.)  \n2 Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia  \n3 Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia  \n* Correspondence: [crispin.dass@curtin.edu.au](crispin.dass@curtin.edu.au); Tel.: +61-8-9266-1489  \nSimple Summary: Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) is a versatile protein with potent effects against various cancers. It hinders cancer initiation and spread. This review highlights some of the molecular pathways involved in PEDF’s anticancer properties.  \nAbstract: Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) is a natural immunomodulator, anti-inflammatory, anti-angiogenic, anti-tumour growth and anti-metastasis factor, which can enhance tumour response to PEDF but can also conversely have pro-cancerous effects. Inflammation is a major cause of cancer, and it has been proven that PEDF has anti-inflammatory properties. PEDF’s functional activity can be investigated through measuring metastatic and metabolic biomarkers that will be discussed in this review.  \nKeywords: cancer; tumour; oncology; PEDF; diagnosis  \n1. Introduction  \n1.1. PEDF Structure  \nThe protein pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF), identified in 1987 [1], is a 46.3 to 50 kDa serine protease inhibitor (serpin) protein released by cells of the human foetal retinal pigment epithelium. PEDF promotes the differentiation of retinoblastoma cells into neurons [2] . There are two sets of proteins in the family of serpins. The first group is that of protease inhibitors found in mammals, regulating inflammation, blood coagulation and extracellular matrix modelling. The second group comprises numerous serpins that share structural similarities, but are not believed to inhibit specific proteases; nevertheless, they play significant roles in various cellular processes. PEDF belongs to the second category of serpins. Although it does not have a known target protease, it plays a crucial role in two essential cellular processes, proliferation and survival [3] .  \nFollowing the investigation into PEDF’s neurotrophic effects, the human PEDF gene was isolated and decoded [4] . It is believed that in the course of evolution, certain noninhibitory serpins, such as PEDF, have forfeited their capacity for protease inhibition while concurrently acquiring additional characteristics. Notably, PEDF does not undergo theserpin conformational shift that impacts inhibitory serpins when they interact with target proteases [5] . The serpin gene family is believed to have originated over 1.5 billion years ago, predating the divergence of plants and animals [6] . The PEDF region shows syntenyin mammals, birds and amphibians, indicating a high level of conservation of this gene cluster throughout a significant period of evolution, and it first appeared in vertebrates. There are significant similarities or homologies when comparing the 5′ se","cbCaid4qAjFYDQrN","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaid4qAjFYDQrN","pdf",1272628,23,"English","# Introduction\n## PEDF Structure\n# Inflammation, anticancer pathways, and biomarkers\n# Conclusion","[{\"question\":\"What is PEDF and why is it relevant to cancer?\",\"answer\":\"PEDF (pigment epithelium-derived factor) is a versatile protein with potent effects against multiple aspects of cancer, including initiation and spread. The review focuses on mechanisms underlying its anticancer properties.\"},{\"question\":\"How can PEDF have both anti-cancer and pro-cancer effects?\",\"answer\":\"The review notes that PEDF can enhance tumour response to PEDF, yet in other circumstances may conversely produce pro-cancerous effects. This implies context-dependent biological behavior.\"},{\"question\":\"How is PEDF activity investigated in cancer research?\",\"answer\":\"PEDF functional activity can be studied by measuring metastatic and metabolic biomarkers. These biomarkers help connect PEDF activity to cancer outcomes, as discussed in the review.\"}]","The Various Roles of PEDF in Cancer | PDF",1789995437,58]