[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-seo-495013-105":3,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":81,"doc-detail-495013-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"ok",{"site_id":7,"language":8,"slug":9,"title":10,"keywords":11,"description":12,"schema_data":13,"social_meta":74,"head_meta":76,"extra_data":78,"updated_unix":80},105,"en","the-validity-evidence-of-toefl-test-as-placement-test-ayu-liskinasih-and-rizky-lutviana","THE VALIDITY EVIDENCE OF TOEFL TEST AS PLACEMENT TEST - Ayu Liskinasih and Rizky Lutviana","","This study evaluates the validity of the TOEFL test as an instrument for placement testing for 96 English freshmen with basic competencies before attending Integrated Course. The listening, structure, and reading sections are analyzed against students’ final achievement scores from the Integrated Course. Students are classified into four competency classes (A–D) based on TOEFL results. Pearson correlation (0.41) shows a medium positive and significant relationship, indicating quiet validity, while emphasizing that student characteristics and background should be considered.",{"@graph":14,"@context":73},[15,34,56],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/exam/","Exam",3,{"item":32,"name":10,"@type":21,"position":33},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/the-validity-evidence-of-toefl-test-as-placement-test-ayu-liskinasih-and-rizky-lutviana/495013/",4,{"url":32,"name":10,"@type":35,"image":36,"author":41,"headline":10,"publisher":44,"fileFormat":47,"inLanguage":8,"description":12,"dateModified":48,"datePublished":49,"encodingFormat":47,"isAccessibleForFree":50,"interactionStatistic":51},"DigitalDocument",{"url":37,"@type":38,"width":39,"height":40},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/the-validity-evidence-of-toefl-test-as-placement-test-ayu-liskinasih-and-rizky-lutviana/495013.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":42,"@type":43},"Indoniesian Boy","Person",{"url":19,"name":45,"@type":46},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-07","2026-10-02",true,{"@type":52,"interactionType":53,"userInteractionCount":55},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":54},"ViewAction",7,{"@type":57,"mainEntity":58},"FAQPage",[59,65,69],{"name":60,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":62},"What placement purpose does the institution use the TOEFL test for?","Question",{"text":63,"@type":64},"The placement test is used to assign freshmen to different classes based on their English proficiency level before joining the Integrated Course.","Answer",{"name":66,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":67},"Which TOEFL sections are used in this study’s placement testing?",{"text":68,"@type":64},"The study uses Paper Based TOEFL with listening, structure, and reading sections for placement classification.",{"name":70,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":71},"How is validity measured and what is the correlation result?",{"text":72,"@type":64},"Validity is assessed by correlating TOEFL scores with students’ achievement scores from the Integrated Course final test using Pearson product-moment correlation. 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S. Supriyadi 48 malang, Indonesia  \nPhone: (+62) 85646456050 e-mail: [ayuliskinasih@gmail.com](ayuliskinasih@gmail.com)  \nRizky Lutviana  \nFakultas Bahasa dan Sastra Universitas Kanjuruhan Malang Jl. S. Supriyadi 48 malang, Indonesia  \nPhone: (+62) 8123251962 e-mail: [lutviana.rizky@unikama.ac.id](lutviana.rizky@unikama.ac.id)  \nAbstract: This study is aimed at evaluating the validity of TOEFL test as instrument for placement test. The three sections of the test including listening, structure, reading, and vocabulary were used to measure 96 freshmen basic competences in English, before attending courses. Based on the result of TOEFL test, students were classified into four classes from the highest to the lowest competency levels, namely A, B, C, and D. To measure the correlation level, the two sets of score were compared by using Pearson product moment correlation, the TOEFL score and students’ achievement score. The score of students’ achievement was derived from the final test of Integrated Course. There were 2 language skills and 2 language components that were tested: listening, reading, grammar and vocabulary. The medium positive and significant correlation level (0.41) indicated that TOEFL test was quiet valid to be used as instrument for placement test. However, students’ characteristics and background should be considered to achieve the high and significant correlation level.  \nKeywords: placement test, TOEFL test, and validity  \nINTRODUCTION  \nIn order to improve the quality of education, since 2015, University Kanjuruhan ofMalang has required freshman to take placement test before joining Integrated Course. Integrated Course is the required course that students should take in the first semester. The main purpose of placement test is to place students based on different levels of competences. Students with the same proficiency level will be put in the same class.  \nPutting students in the same competence level of classes will ease the job of teaching. It will be easier for the lecturers to manage class and to design the most suitable  \nmaterials and teaching method. If there is problem in teaching and learning process, the lecturer can decide the effective strategy that works for most students. Moreover, for students, it reduces peer pressure, and students will be comfortable learning with classmates who have the same competences.  \nTOEFL Test is commonly used as placement test in a University, especially in English Department Program. There are two types of TOEFL test, namely Computer Based (CB) TOEFL Test and Paper Based (PB) TOEFL Test. Both CB and PB TOEFL test consist of four sections including listening  \nsection, structure section, reading section, and writing section. In this study, the TOEFL test that is used for placement test is PB TOEFL test that consisted of three sections, listening section, structure section, and writing section.  \nThere are some considerations in using TOEFL test as placement test: (1) TOEFL testis one of standardize tests that is ready to use so that the lecturer could save time and energy,(2) TOEFL test is constructed in multiple choice item test format so that it is easy for the lecturer to score students’ language competence, and (3) TOEFL test used standardize scoring method so that the lecturer does not need to construct criteria for scoring.  \nDespite its benefits, some researchers argued the validity of TOEFL test as instrument for placement test. Belfield & Crosta (2012) and also Scott-Clayton (2012) found negative correlation between placement test score and students’ achievement. Additionally, Saxon & Morante (2014) criticize the practice of placement test, he noticed that: (1) students dolittle preparation before test,(2) students lack of knowledge on the material as well as the format of the test, and (3) placement test does not measure stud","cbCaiuI6Lpd7YHns","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiuI6Lpd7YHns","pdf",329822,"English","# Introduction\n## Placement test purpose and grouping policy\n## TOEFL types and study-specific test format\n## Considerations and criticisms of TOEFL placement use\n# Methods\n## Research design and sampling\n## Correlation analysis approach\n# Finds\n## Integrated Course context and classification rationale\n## Validity evidence for Paper Based TOEFL Test","[{\"question\":\"What placement purpose does the institution use the TOEFL test for?\",\"answer\":\"The placement test is used to assign freshmen to different classes based on their English proficiency level before joining the Integrated Course.\"},{\"question\":\"Which TOEFL sections are used in this study’s placement testing?\",\"answer\":\"The study uses Paper Based TOEFL with listening, structure, and reading sections for placement classification.\"},{\"question\":\"How is validity measured and what is the correlation result?\",\"answer\":\"Validity is assessed by correlating TOEFL scores with students’ achievement scores from the Integrated Course final test using Pearson product-moment correlation. The result shows a medium positive and significant correlation level (0.41).\"}]","THE VALIDITY EVIDENCE OF TOEFL TEST AS PLACEMENT TEST - Ayu Liskinasih and Rizky Lutviana | PDF",1790901450]