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The study involves 32 students across two cycles using problem identification, action planning, implementation, observation, reflection, and revision. Vocabulary tests, observations, and interviews provide both qualitative and quantitative evidence, supported by democratic, outcome, process, catalytic, and dialogic validity with triangulation through time, investigator, and theory. Descriptive statistics and paired sample t-tests assess gains, while qualitative data are analyzed thematically. Findings show higher engagement—enthusiasm, focus, group participation, and responsibility—and improved vocabulary mastery, with mean scores rising from 42.5 pre-test to 76.7 post-test.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":20,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/exam/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/the-use-of-crossword-puzzles-to-enhance-students-vocabulary-learning-in-the-vocational-high-school/425587/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/the-use-of-crossword-puzzles-to-enhance-students-vocabulary-learning-in-the-vocational-high-school/425587.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Alex Sinclair","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-30","2026-09-28",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":24},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What does the study aim to improve using crossword puzzles?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"The research aims to improve 12th-grade vocational high school students’ vocabulary learning outcomes and examine the impact on student engagement.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How was the classroom action research conducted?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"The study used two cycles, each including problem identification, action planning, implementation, observation, reflection, and revision, with 32 students involved.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What evidence shows improved vocabulary mastery?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Vocabulary test results increased, with the mean score rising from 42.5 on the pre-test to 76.7 on the post-test, moving from very poor to good performance.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},425587,1790693689,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":19,"category_name":20,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":24,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":52,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":143,"read_time":144,"preview_page_count":4},1099523882182,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_6f874abed73319feea01a86fa6f0fab8","International Journal of Multicultural and Multireligious Understanding  \n[http://ijmmu.com](http://ijmmu.com)  \n[editor@ijmmu.com](editor@ijmmu.com)  \n[ISSN 2364-5369](ISSN 2364-5369)[ ](ISSN 2364-5369)Volume 12, Issue 7 July, 2025 Pages: 300-309  \nThe Use of Crossword Puzzles to Enhance Student’s Vocabulary Learning in the  \nVocational High School  \nHelpia Addina Karobi; Joko Priyana  \nDepartment of English Language Education, Faculty of Languages, Arts and Cultures, Yogyakarta State University,  \nIndonesia  \n[http://dx.doi.org/10.18415/ijmmu.v12i7.6806](http://dx.doi.org/10.18415/ijmmu.v12i7.6806)  \nAbstract  \nThis classroom action research aimed to improve vocabulary mastery among 12th-grade vocational high school students in Yogyakarta through the use of crossword puzzles. The study involved 32 students and was conducted in two cycles, each comprising problem identification, action planning, implementation, observation, reflection, and revision. Data were collected through vocabulary tests, observations, and interviews. Validity was ensured using democratic, outcome, process, catalytic, and dialogic validity, with triangulation applied through time, investigator, and theory perspectives. Both qualitative and quantitative data were analyzed. Descriptive statistics and paired sample t-tests were used for quantitative analysis, while qualitative data were analyzed thematically. Results showed increased student engagement and improved vocabulary mastery. Engagement improvements were reflected in enthusiasm, focus, group participation, and responsibility. Vocabulary enhancement was evidenced by arise in test scores from a mean of 42.5 (very poor) in the pre-test to 76.7 (good) in the post-test. These findings indicate that crossword puzzles effectively support vocabulary learning and student participation.  \nKeywords: Crossword Puzzle; Engagement; Vocabulary Learning  \nIntroduction  \nVocabulary plays a crucial role in language learning, serving as the foundation for developing key skills such as reading, writing, speaking, and listening. However, many students at the vocational high school level continue to struggle with low vocabulary mastery. This limitation not only affects their academic performance but also hinders their ability to communicate effectively in both classroom and real-world contexts. According to Richards and Renandya (2002), An essential aspect of mastering a language is understanding the use of vocabulary. It forms a large part of the foundation for students'ability to write, speak, and listen. One's proficiency with vocabulary will influence their ability to use the language in conversation and writing. One of the biggest challenges students face in teaching and learning English as a Foreign Language, particularly in Indonesia, is their limited vocabulary knowledge.  \nPreliminary observations at a vocational high school in Yogyakarta revealed that 12th-grade students demonstrated insufficient vocabulary knowledge, which impacted their learning outcomes and classroom engagement. Traditional vocabulary teaching methods, which often rely heavily on  \nmemorization and repetition, appeared ineffective in stimulating students’ interest or improving their vocabulary acquisition. This is in line with the statement of the English teacher in the interview session who noted that students struggle with vocabulary learning. According to the school's Kriteria Ketuntasan Minimal (KKM), the passing grade is set at 75, but many students' learning outcomes still fall below this threshold, with an average score of 45. To address this issue, this study explores the use of crossword puzzles as an alternative instructional strategy to enhance students' vocabulary mastery. Crossword puzzles are interactive and engaging tools that can make vocabulary learning more enjoyable, helping students retain new words more effectively.  \nTherefore, the objective of this research is to improve the vocabulary learning outcomes of 12thgrade ","cbCairuQJ8K8e3w6","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCairuQJ8K8e3w6","pdf",1100678,"English","# Introduction\n## Vocabulary Mastery\n## Problems in Teaching EFL to Vocational High School Students\n## Lack of Engagement","[{\"question\":\"What does the study aim to improve using crossword puzzles?\",\"answer\":\"The research aims to improve 12th-grade vocational high school students’ vocabulary learning outcomes and examine the impact on student engagement.\"},{\"question\":\"How was the classroom action research conducted?\",\"answer\":\"The study used two cycles, each including problem identification, action planning, implementation, observation, reflection, and revision, with 32 students involved.\"},{\"question\":\"What evidence shows improved vocabulary mastery?\",\"answer\":\"Vocabulary test results increased, with the mean score rising from 42.5 on the pre-test to 76.7 on the post-test, moving from very poor to good performance.\"}]","The Use of Crossword Puzzles to Enhance Student’s Vocabulary Learning in the Vocational High School | PDF",1790637754,25]