[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-590913-105":59,"doc-detail-590913-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","the-use-of-arrays-in-the-learning-of-multiplication-word-problems-in-primary-school-full-length-research-paper","The use of arrays in the learning of multiplication word problems in primary school - Full Length Research Paper","","Low performance among Grade 4 learners in multiplication word problems remains a major issue in mathematics education, yet most prior studies emphasize bare multiplication rather than contextual tasks. This pilot study examined whether arrays improve learners’ performance on contextual multiplication problems. Six Grade 4 learners from Soweto were selected. Tests, designed lessons, and interviews served as data sources, showing overall improvement and especially greater gains for initially low performers.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/the-use-of-arrays-in-the-learning-of-multiplication-word-problems-in-primary-school-full-length-research-paper/590913/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/the-use-of-arrays-in-the-learning-of-multiplication-word-problems-in-primary-school-full-length-research-paper/590913.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Stanford","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-09","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":14},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What problem does the study address about Grade 4 learners?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"The study addresses low achievement in solving multiplication word problems, especially contextual problems involving multiplication.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How does the study investigate the role of arrays?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"It uses design research and tests supported by carefully designed lessons and semi-structured interviews to examine how arrays influence learning.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"Who participated in the pilot study and how were they selected?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Six Grade 4 learners were purposively selected from a class of 31 in a Soweto township school, aiming for balanced representation across gender and performance levels.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},590913,1792070714,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":14,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":52,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":129,"read_time":143,"preview_page_count":4},2336477552062,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_994ba38a5ba835b3df7d355c54d3ed8d","African Educational Research Journal Vol. 8(2), pp. 432-441, June 2020  \nDOI: 10. 30918/AERJ.82.20.033 ISSN: 2354-2160  \nFull Length Research Paper  \nThe use of arrays in the learning of multiplication word problems in primary school  \nMayamiko Malola  \nDepartment of Childhood Education, Faculty of Education, University of Johannesburg, South Africa.  \nAccepted 15 April, 2020  \n\n| ABSTRACT\u003Cbr>The low performance of Grade 4 learners in the mathematical concept of word problems involving multiplication remains a concern for many researchers in mathematics education. Several studies conducted have largely focused on improving learners’ performance on bare problems involving multiplication, with little focus on contextual problems. The small pilot study reported in this paper investigated the effectiveness of using arrays in improving learners’ performance on contextual multiplication problems. A sample of six learners from a school in Soweto township (South Africa) was carefully selected to participate in the study. Tests, carefully designed lessons, and interviews were the major sources of data. The study found that arrays improved the overall performance of learners, and those who were initially identified as low performers showed greater improvement. The pilot study suggests that future research should focus on engaging a large sample of learners from township schools to ensure that the sample is more representative, and how teachers may be supported to use arrays when teaching contextual multiplication problems.\u003Cbr>Keywords: Arrays, multiplication word problems, design research. |\n| --- |\n| [E-mail: mayamalola@gmail.com](E-mail: mayamalola@gmail.com). |\n\nINTRODUCTION  \nZhang et al. (2017) maintain that low mathematics achievement is a persistent challenge and multiplication word problem is a prominent area in which many learners experience difficulties. Through my own active involvement in the teaching of mathematics and observation of mentor teachers in different schools, I noticed that Grade 4 Learners struggle with solving word problems in general and those involving multiplication. There is literature (Csikos et al. , 2012; Pfannenstiel et al. , 2015; Thompson, 1999) demonstrating that multiplication word problems are a big challenge to learners in primary school and the consequences further manifest as they advance in their schooling career and in their daily life. Numerous studies (Barmby et al. , 2009; Harries and Suggate, 2006) have also found that array representations enhance learners' understanding and solving of multiplication problems. However, a review of various studies suggests that the focus has largely been on using arrays to represent and solve multiplication  \nproblems involving bare calculations such as 5 × 8. This is an example of multiplication of whole numbers less than 10. Furthermore, curriculum documents reveal a focus on number sentence multiplication problems. Literature is lacking on the use of arrays to represent and solve multiplication word problems, an area that has emerged as of global concern. The growing concern accompanying the evidence of under-performance among primary school learners on multiplication word problems formed the basis for conducting this study.  \nResearch questions  \nThe pilot study sought to answer the following research questions: How do arrays influence the learning of multiplication word problems for Grade 4 learners? What is the Grade 4 learner’s perception about the use of arrays to solve multiplication word problems?  \nAims and objectives  \nThe aim of this pilot study was to explore the influence of arrays on Grade 4 learners’ learning of multiplication word problems. Through a presentation of two lessons on multiplication word problems and array representations, followed by semi-structured interviews, this study explored how arrays influence the learning of multiplication word problems. I also investigated whether the learners found the use of arrays helpful in th","cbCaihhBNowgLPlr","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaihhBNowgLPlr","pdf",707351,"English","# Abstract\n# Introduction\n# Research questions\n# Aims and objectives\n# Materials and methods\n## Sample selection","[{\"question\":\"What problem does the study address about Grade 4 learners?\",\"answer\":\"The study addresses low achievement in solving multiplication word problems, especially contextual problems involving multiplication.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the study investigate the role of arrays?\",\"answer\":\"It uses design research and tests supported by carefully designed lessons and semi-structured interviews to examine how arrays influence learning.\"},{\"question\":\"Who participated in the pilot study and how were they selected?\",\"answer\":\"Six Grade 4 learners were purposively selected from a class of 31 in a Soweto township school, aiming for balanced representation across gender and performance levels.\"}]","The use of arrays in the learning of multiplication word problems in primary school - Full Length Research Paper | PDF",25]