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This list is not exclusive to the TOEFL, but is rather a copy of the original Academic Word List (AWL) .  \nThe Academic Word List (AWL) was first developed by noted linguist Averil Coxhead in 2001. She compiled a corpus of academic journals and texts across various disciplines and cross-checked each work to find some of the most common academic vocabulary. In the end, she published the Academic Word List (AWL), a concise catalog of the 570 most common words in academic English. No matter what the subject, you can expect to encounter these 570 words.  \nThe TOEFL is designed to measure whether you are prepared to enter a North American university. The reading texts and listening passages are a reflection of the type of material you can expect to encounter ina freshman-level course. If you need to improve your vocabulary for the TOEFL, particularly for the reading section, this list will be a tremendous help.  \nAbout the List  \nThis is a variation of the AWL. We refer to this list as the Academic Word Family List. Not only do we  \ninclude each of the headwords listed in the AWL, but we also show its variations. Here’s an example below:  \nAll words in each row are connected to the meaning of the headword. So, if you know that abstract means existing in thought as an idea but not having a physical or concrete existence than you know that other words like abstraction or abstractly should be somewhat connected to the original meaning of abstract.  \nWords are not islands, they are part of a larger family.  \nThe goal of this list is to not only expand your vocabulary but show you that when you learn one word, you learn all the forms of that one word.  \nThe Ultimate TOEFL Vocabulary List  \n570 Words You Need to Know  \nA word of caution, do NOT study every word in each word family. Instead, only focus on understanding the meaning of the headword. If you know the headword, then you can make an accurate guess of the meaning of its variations.  \nA Few Notes  \nHere are a few things to consider before you get started studying the Academic Word Family List.  \n1. All word variations must correspond to the original meaning of the headword. So, for example, the word conduct. I assumed that the meaning of conduct was related to the manner in which a person behaves. However, conduct also means to transmit energy, usually in the form of electricity. Words like conduction and conductivity were not included in this instance because the meaning did not correspond to the original headword.  \n***The only exception to this was the suffixes-ism and-ist, which alone carry almost the same meaning when added to any word. -ist usually implies a believer in a school of thought and-ism usually means a school of thought. Also, both of these suffixes make a noun.  \n2. Most of the variants include a bound derivational suffix added to the end. Some suffixes with similar endings and meanings were shortened and lumped together since the aim of this chart is to provide students with the most important suffixes that convey a meaning or part of speech. Here are a few examples:  \n● -ical → -al (a problem, -al also is a noun form)  \n● -ier → -er  \n● -ary, -ery → -ry (a problem because-ary and-ery two separate meanings)  \n● -ization, -cation → -tion  \n● -ologist → -ist  \n● -acy → -cy  \n● -ically → -ly  \n● -eous, -ious → -ous  \n-al ( noun) -action or process  \n-al, -ial, -ical (adj.) -characterized by, related to  \n-ery, -ry-noun place, condition, practice, quality  \n-ary-also noun, ","cbCaiiK4r2t468QE","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiiK4r2t468QE","pdf",2578744,41,"English","# About the List\n## A Few Notes","[{\"question\":\"What is the Academic Word Family List and how is it related to the AWL?\",\"answer\":\"It is a variation of the Academic Word List (AWL). It includes AWL headwords and shows their word-family variations to help learners understand connected forms.\"},{\"question\":\"How should students study the 570-word families?\",\"answer\":\"Focus on understanding the meaning of the headword, since knowing it makes an accurate guess of the variations’ meanings possible. Avoid studying every word in each family.\"},{\"question\":\"What rules does the list use for including word variants?\",\"answer\":\"Variants must correspond to the original meaning of the headword, and free or inflectional morphemes are excluded. Some spelling variants are not underlined, and suffix meaning and part-of-speech patterns are grouped to highlight the most important forms.\"}]","The Ultimate TOEFL Vocabulary List - 570 Words You Need to Know | PDF",1790579409,103]