[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-seo-311470-105":3,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":73,"doc-detail-311470-en":123},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"ok",{"site_id":7,"language":8,"slug":9,"title":10,"keywords":11,"description":12,"schema_data":13,"social_meta":66,"head_meta":68,"extra_data":70,"updated_unix":72},105,"en","the-ultimate-ap-chemistry-cheat-sheet-intermolecular-forces-chemical-reactions","The Ultimate AP Chemistry Cheat Sheet - Intermolecular Forces & Chemical Reactions","","Condensed AP Chemistry review covering core topics and exam-relevant problem workflows. Includes atomic structure and periodic trends, Lewis structures with formal charge and resonance, VSEPR geometry and hybridization, and electronegativity-based bonding type. Provides an IMF decision tree and links intermolecular forces to boiling/melting point, vapor pressure, and solubility, plus colligative property formulas using molality. Summarizes reaction tools: net ionic equations and solubility rules, stoichiometry with limiting reagents and % yield, oxidation states, and redox balancing steps.",{"@graph":14,"@context":65},[15,34,56],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/exam/","Exam",3,{"item":32,"name":10,"@type":21,"position":33},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/the-ultimate-ap-chemistry-cheat-sheet-intermolecular-forces-chemical-reactions/311470/",4,{"url":32,"name":10,"@type":35,"image":36,"author":41,"headline":10,"publisher":44,"fileFormat":47,"inLanguage":8,"description":12,"dateModified":48,"datePublished":49,"encodingFormat":47,"isAccessibleForFree":50,"interactionStatistic":51},"DigitalDocument",{"url":37,"@type":38,"width":39,"height":40},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/the-ultimate-ap-chemistry-cheat-sheet-intermolecular-forces-chemical-reactions/311470.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":42,"@type":43},"Cipher","Person",{"url":19,"name":45,"@type":46},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-04","2026-09-20",true,{"@type":52,"interactionType":53,"userInteractionCount":55},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":54},"ViewAction",22,{"@type":57,"mainEntity":58},"FAQPage",[59],{"name":60,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":62},"Why do colligative properties depend on molality rather than molarity?","Question",{"text":63,"@type":64},"Colligative properties are governed by particle count and the formulas use molality (mol solute per kg solvent), not molarity. The sheet also notes pure solids/liquids are omitted from K expressions.","Answer","https://schema.org",{"og:url":32,"og:type":67,"og:title":10,"og:site_name":45,"og:description":12},"article",{"robots":69,"canonical":32},"index,follow",{"doc_id":71,"site_id":7},311470,1789894331,{"code":4,"msg":74,"data":75},"success",[76,80,84,87,92,97,102,107,112,115,119],{"id":22,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":77,"show_sort_weight":78,"slug":79},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":26,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":81,"show_sort_weight":82,"slug":83},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":33,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":29,"show_sort_weight":85,"slug":86},70,"exam",{"id":88,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":89,"show_sort_weight":90,"slug":91},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":93,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":94,"show_sort_weight":95,"slug":96},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":98,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":99,"show_sort_weight":100,"slug":101},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":103,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":104,"show_sort_weight":105,"slug":106},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":108,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":109,"show_sort_weight":110,"slug":111},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":110,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":113,"show_sort_weight":110,"slug":114},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":116,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":117,"show_sort_weight":116,"slug":118},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":120,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":121,"show_sort_weight":88,"slug":122},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":74,"data":124},{"doc_id":71,"user_id":125,"nickname":42,"user_avatar":126,"doc_module":4,"category_id":33,"category_name":29,"doc_title":10,"doc_description":12,"doc_content":127,"file_id":128,"file_url":129,"file_type":130,"file_size":131,"view_count":55,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":22,"is_downloadable":22,"audit_status":22,"page_count":22,"language":132,"language_code":8,"site_id":7,"html_lang":8,"table_of_contents":133,"faqs":134,"seo_title":135,"seo_description":12,"update_tm":72,"read_time":30,"preview_page_count":4},687208528416,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_9964176cb1d06d4a9deccf72a44ae3dc","The Ultimate AP Chemistry Cheat Sheet  \n[www.albert.io](www.albert.io)  \n1-2: Atomic & Molecular Structure (14–18%)  \n\n| Electron Configuration & Periodic Trends |\n| --- |\n| Aufbau principle: Fill orbitals in order: 1s, 2s, 2p, 3s, 3p, 4s, 3d, 4p ... Hund's rule: Electrons pair-up only after single electrons occupy each orbital (maximize unpaired electrons) . Pauli exclusion: max 2 electrons per orbital (opposite spins) .\u003Cbr>Periodic trends (left → right, top → bottom): Atomic radius ↑ down, ↓ right. Ionization energy ↑ right, ↑ up. Electron affinity ↑ right (trends broken for N, O) .\u003Cbr>Electronegativity ↑ right, ↑ up.\u003Cbr>Exceptions: Cr, Mo, Cu: d¹⁰s¹ (stability) .\u003Cbr>Lanthanide/actinide f-block: fill after 6s. Ion electrons: Add electrons for anions, subtract for cations. Shielding: Inner electrons ↑ → outer electrons ↑ binding energy ↓, atomic radius ↑ .\u003Cbr>Lewis Structures & Formal Charge |\n| Steps: Count valence e⁻ (group number for main group) . Draw skeleton (least H in middle) . Add e⁻ to each atom (octet rule) . If short, form double/triple bonds. Formal charge: FC = V − N − B/2 (V = valence, N = nonbonding, B = bonding e⁻) .\u003Cbr>Resonance: Multiple valid Lewis structures differing only in e⁻ position, NOT atoms. Real structure is weighted average. Major resonance: minimizes FC magnitude & puts negative charge on more electronegative atom. Dashed bonds indicate delocalization.\u003Cbr>VSEPR Geometry & Hybridization |\n\nHybridization: Linear = sp. Trigonal = sp². Tetrahedral = sp³. Trig bipyramidal = sp³d. Octahedral = sp³d². Lone pairs occupy hybrid orbitals first. Angle compression: lone pairs > bonding pairs in repulsion.  \n✓ Lewis & VSEPR separate: Lewis shows e⁻, VSEPR predicts shape from electron pair geometry. Multiple resonance? Draw most stable; real is hybrid. Electronegativity difference > 1.7 → ionic; 0.4–1.7 → polar covalent; \u003C 0.4 → nonpolar.  \n3: Intermolecular Forces & Properties (18–22%)  \n\n| ✓ IMF decision tree: H bonded to F/O/N? → H-bond. Charged? → Ion-dipole. Both polar? → Dipole-dipole. Both nonpolar? → London dispersion. Always list strongest first.\u003Cbr>IMF Types & Physical Properties |\n| --- |\n| IMF ranking (strongest → weakest): Ion-dipole > H-bond (F/O/N) > Dipole-dipole > London dispersion. H-bonds: H bonded to F/O/N. DNA, ice, water. Formation requires: electronegativity diff + lone pair on F/O/N. LDF: Present in ALL molecules; ↑ with surface area, molar mass & e⁻ count. Temporary dipoles from electron fluctuations. Physical property trends: ↑ IMF → ↑ bp, ↑ mp, ↓ Pvap, ↑ viscosity, ↑ surface tension. Water anomaly: H-bonds make ice less dense (floats) . Solubility: polar solutes in polar solvents; nonpolar in nonpolar.\u003Cbr>Colligative Properties |\n\nFour colligative properties depend on particle count (not identity): (1) Freezing point depression: ΔT_f = K_f·m·i. Solvent freezes at lower T. (2) Boiling point elevation: ΔT_b = K_b·m·i. Solvent boils at higher T. (3)  \nOsmotic pressure: π = MRT (uses molarity, not molality!) . Reflects tendency of solvent to enter solution across semipermeable membrane. (4) Vapor pressure lowering:  \nΔP = χ _solute·P°_solvent. Raoult's law for ideal solutions. Molality m = mol solute / kg solvent (NOT kg solution) . Temperature-independent, used for colligative calcs. Electrolyte factor i: Accounts for dissociation. NaCl i ≈ 2, CaCl₂ i ≈ 3, weak acid/base i ∈ 1–2 (partial dissociation), nonelectrolyte i = 1. Real i \u003C ideal due to ion pairing & activity coefficients.  \nMW from colligative: Freezing point: m = ΔT_f/K_f, then MW = (grams)/(m × kg solvent) . Osmotic pressure: MW =(grams × RT)/(π × V) . K_f = 1.86 °C/m, K_b = 0.512 °C/m, R = 0.0821 L·atm/(mol·K) .  \n⚠ Colligative uses MOLALITY (mol/kg solvent), NOT molarity. Pure solids/liquids omitted from K expressions.  \nChemical Reactions (Unit 4, 7–9%)  \n\n| ⚠ Spectator ions cancel in net ionic. Write full ionic, cross out same ions both sides. Net ionic = reacting species only.\u003Cbr>Stoichiometry & Limiting Reagent |\n| -","cbCaigI8ObZAFBfH","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaigI8ObZAFBfH","pdf",93761,"English","# Atomic & Molecular Structure\n## Electron Configuration & Periodic Trends\n## Lewis Structures & Formal Charge\n## Resonance\n## VSEPR Geometry & Hybridization\n# Intermolecular Forces & Properties\n## IMF Decision Tree\n## IMF Types & Physical Properties\n## Colligative Properties\n# Chemical Reactions\n## Net Ionic Equations & Solubility\n## Stoichiometry & Limiting Reagent\n## Oxidation States & Redox Balancing\n# Kinetics","[{\"question\":\"Why do colligative properties depend on molality rather than molarity?\",\"answer\":\"Colligative properties are governed by particle count and the formulas use molality (mol solute per kg solvent), not molarity. The sheet also notes pure solids/liquids are omitted from K expressions.\"}]","The Ultimate AP Chemistry Cheat Sheet - Intermolecular Forces & Chemical Reactions | PDF"]