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It traces growth from the 1980s, when economic expansion increased parental willingness to invest in children’s education and public examinations became a gatekeeping mechanism. It then analyzes current pressures from education reform, declining birth rates, and technology, highlighting shifts toward new markets, cost control, and more online learning. 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Public examinations also acted as a screening tool for admissions.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"What challenges are tutoring businesses facing more recently?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Educational reform, a declining birth rate, and technological advances have created new challenges. These pressures have driven tutoring providers to explore new markets and change operating modes to increase intake and cut costs.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"How does the article describe future changes in tutorial schools?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"It expects more online courses across age groups, with fewer and smaller offline offerings. It also suggests the emergence of “star” tutors focused on international-school students rather than only local mainstream students.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},600988,1792715962,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":24,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":52,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":143,"read_time":144},962090893677,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_3d24733baf745e90a7e4bdd5f77d97b2","The Tutoring Industry in Hong Kong: From the Past Four Decades to the Future  \nRichard Eng  \nThe University of Hong Kong, China  \nECNU Review of Education 2019, Vol. 2(1) 77–86 ª The Author(s) 2019 Article reuse guidelines:  \n[sagepub.com/journals-permissions](sagepub.com/journals-permissions)[ ](sagepub.com/journals-permissions)[DOI: 10.1177/2096531119840857](DOI: 10.1177/2096531119840857)[ ](DOI: 10.1177/2096531119840857)[journals.sagepub.com/home/roe](journals.sagepub.com/home/roe)  \nAbstract  \nPurpose: This article sheds light on the historical changes in the tutoring industry and discusses the nature and driving forces of tutoring in the Hong Kong context. Based on the historical overview, this article introduces new developments in tutoring and discusses how tutoring fits into the bigger education picture.  \nDesign/Approach/Methods: Private tutoring in Hong Kong saw its takeoff in business in the 1980s, when the economy started to boom and parents were more willing to spend money on their children’s education. These parents hoped that their children, by receiving university education, could improve their families’ lives and secure a brighter future. Public examinations were used as a screening tool to select the cream of the crop for university admissions. Therefore, for many local mainstream school students, passing the public examinations with flying colors became the be-all and end-all of their studies. Tutorial schools regarded their fears as an opportunity and devised courses to suit their needs and allay their fears.  \nFindings: More recently, educational reform, declining birth rate, and technological advances have brought challenges for tutoring businesses. They have explored new markets and changed the mode of operation to increase student intake and cut costs. It is expected that local tutorial schools, in particular the big tutorial-school chains, will provide more online courses for learners from early childhood to adult and will reduce the number and scale of off-line courses. Also, we may see a new kind of “star” tutors catering not to local mainstream school students but to their local international school counterparts. Originality/Value: Literature on tutoring in Hong Kong mainly investigates the phenomenon in recent times, specifically the past two decades. This article is the first attempt to draw a holistic picture of tutoring’s historical development from an industrial perspective.  \nKeywords  \nEducation regulations, Hong Kong, private tutoring, public examinations, star tutors, tutorial-school chains  \nDate received: 19 January 2019; accepted: 26 February 2019  \nCorresponding author:  \nRichard Eng, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China. Email: richard5@hku.hk  \nCreative Commons Non Commercial CC BY-NC: This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons  \nAttribution-NonCommercial 4.0 License ([http://www.creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/](http://www.creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/)) which permits noncommercial use, reproduction and distribution of the work without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access pages ([https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage](https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage)).  \nSelf-introduction  \nI am a cofounder of a tutorial-school chain called “Beacon College” in Hong Kong. The college is now operated under its parent company “BExcellent Group”, which went public-listed in the Hong Kong Stock Exchange in 2018 . At the very beginning, I operated a tutorial center called “June and Richard Languages and Commercial Centre” with a partner named June Leung in 1989 in Yuen Long, which was a rural district in Hong Kong’s New Territories. We provided tutorial classes for both junior and senior secondary students on a number of core subjects including English, Physics, Chemistry, Mathematics, and Accounting. At the beginning, my partner and I were the onl","cbCaidYNn1K1V8ZA","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaidYNn1K1V8ZA","pdf",175889,"English","# Abstract\n## Purpose\n## Design/Approach/Methods\n## Findings\n## Originality/Value\n## Keywords\n## Self-introduction","[{\"question\":\"Why did private tutoring in Hong Kong take off in the 1980s?\",\"answer\":\"It grew as the economy boomed and parents became more willing to spend on their children’s education, hoping university study would improve family prospects. Public examinations also acted as a screening tool for admissions.\"},{\"question\":\"What challenges are tutoring businesses facing more recently?\",\"answer\":\"Educational reform, a declining birth rate, and technological advances have created new challenges. These pressures have driven tutoring providers to explore new markets and change operating modes to increase intake and cut costs.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the article describe future changes in tutorial schools?\",\"answer\":\"It expects more online courses across age groups, with fewer and smaller offline offerings. It also suggests the emergence of “star” tutors focused on international-school students rather than only local mainstream students.\"}]","The Tutoring Industry in Hong Kong - Richard Eng | PDF",1792091756,25]