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This review summarizes advances in genetic profiling, molecular diagnostics, and targeted therapies. It highlights major innovations including CDK4/6 inhibitors, antibody-drug conjugates, and immune checkpoint inhibitors that improve outcomes across hormone receptor-positive, HER2-positive, and triple-negative subtypes. It also covers emerging PI3K, PARP, and mRNA-based strategies, liquid biopsy, molecular imaging, and AI to enable dynamic, less invasive, individualized care.",{"@graph":69,"@context":123},[70,84,106],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/the-treatment-of-breast-cancer-in-the-era-of-precision-medicine-review/369425/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/the-treatment-of-breast-cancer-in-the-era-of-precision-medicine-review/369425.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Connor ","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-28","2026-09-23",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":105},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",11,{"@type":107,"mainEntity":108},"FAQPage",[109,115,119],{"name":110,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":112},"How does precision medicine change breast cancer treatment compared with traditional approaches?","Question",{"text":113,"@type":114},"Precision medicine tailors therapy to genetic, molecular, and environmental factors unique to each patient’s tumor, moving beyond the “one-size-fits-all” model to biomarker- and mutation-guided decisions that improve outcomes and quality of life.","Answer",{"name":116,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":117},"Which targeted therapy innovations are emphasized for different breast cancer subtypes?",{"text":118,"@type":114},"The review highlights CDK4/6 inhibitors, antibody-drug conjugates, and immune checkpoint inhibitors, noting improved outcomes for hormone receptor-positive, HER2-positive, and triple-negative breast cancer subtypes.",{"name":120,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":121},"What emerging diagnostics and technologies support ongoing treatment monitoring and personalization?",{"text":122,"@type":114},"Liquid biopsy is described as enabling non-invasive, real-time monitoring of tumor evolution and treatment response. The review also notes the growing importance of molecular imaging and artificial intelligence for diagnostic precision, treatment personalization, and outcome prediction.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":125,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":127,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":129,"site_id":62},369425,1790697910,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":132},{"doc_id":129,"user_id":133,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":105,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":140,"language":141,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":142,"faqs":143,"seo_title":144,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":145,"read_time":146},687207022233,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_155a257f0dc6eb9ab79c44ca47cae57d","Cancer Biol Med 2025. doi: 10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2024.0510  \nREVIEW  \nThe treatment of breast cancer in the era of precision medicine  \nJingwen Bai1*, Yiyang Gao2,3*, Guojun Zhang1,2,3  \n1The Breast Center of Yunnan Cancer Hospital & The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University & Peking University Cancer Hospital Yunnan, Kunming 650118, China; 2 Fujian Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment in Breast Cancer, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361100, China; 3Xiamen Key Laboratory of Endocrine-Related Cancer Precision Medicine, Xiang’an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361100, China  \n\n| ABSTRACT | The management of breast cancer, one of the most common and heterogeneous malignancies, has transformed with the advent of precision medicine. This review explores current developments in genetic profiling, molecular diagnostics, and targeted therapies that have revolutionized breast cancer treatment. Key innovations, such as cyclin-dependent kinases 4/6 (CDK4/6) inhibitors, antibodydrug conjugates (ADCs), and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), have improved outcomes for hormone receptor-positive (HR+), HER2-positive (HER2+), and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) subtypes remarkably. Additionally, emerging treatments, such as PI3K inhibitors, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors, and mRNA-based therapies, offer new avenues for targeting specific genetic mutations and improving treatment response, particularly in difficult-to-treat breast cancer subtypes. The integration |\n| --- | --- |\n| KEYWORDS | of liquid biopsy technologies provides a non-invasive approach for real-time monitoring of tumor evolution and treatment response, thus enabling dynamic adjustments to therapy. Molecular imaging and artificial intelligence (AI) are increasingly crucial in enhancing diagnostic precision, personalizing treatment plans, and predicting therapeutic outcomes. As precision medicine continues to evolve, it has the potential to significantly improve survival rates, decrease recurrence, and enhance quality of life for patients with breast cancer. By combining cutting-edge diagnostics, personalized therapies, and emerging treatments, precision medicine can transform breast cancer care by offering more effective, individualized, and less invasive treatment options.\u003Cbr>Breast cancer; precision medicine; diagnostic precision; personalized therapy |\n\nIntroduction  \nBreast cancer is among the most prevalent and biologically diverse malignancies globally, and accounts for a substantial portion of cancer diagnoses and deaths among women 1. Despite decades of research and advancements in screening and treatment, breast cancer remains a leading cause of cancer-related mortality in women1. The disease is characterized by its heterogeneity, including various subtypes with differing tumor biology, prognosis, and response to treatment. In  \n*These authors contributed equally to this work. Correspondence to: Guojun Zhang  \nE-mail: [zhangguojun@kmmu.edu.cn](zhangguojun@kmmu.edu.cn)  \nORCID ID: [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5182-5887](https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5182-5887)  \nReceived November 8, 2024; accepted March 5, 2025;  \npublished online April 23, 2025. Available [at www.cancerbiomed.org](at www.cancerbiomed.org)  \n©2025 The Authors. Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License  \n2000, Perou et al.2 introduced molecular subtyping, classifying breast cancer into luminal-like, HER2-enriched, basal-like, and normal-like types. This landmark discovery facilitated the development of subtype-specific therapies, such as endocrine therapy (ET) for luminal-like tumors and anti-HER2 therapy for HER2-enriched tumors. Subsequently, gene expression analysis by Sørlie et al.3 further refined the luminal-like subtype by dividing it into 2 distinct subgroups, luminal A and luminal B, on the basis of differences in prognosis and treatment response. The 2","cbCaipqbyILYFOFm","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaipqbyILYFOFm","pdf",936010,26,"English","# Introduction\n# Precision medicine and personalized breast cancer management\n# Molecular subtyping and clinical classification\n# Key precision medicine technologies and biomarkers\n# Emerging targeted and novel therapies","[{\"question\":\"How does precision medicine change breast cancer treatment compared with traditional approaches?\",\"answer\":\"Precision medicine tailors therapy to genetic, molecular, and environmental factors unique to each patient’s tumor, moving beyond the “one-size-fits-all” model to biomarker- and mutation-guided decisions that improve outcomes and quality of life.\"},{\"question\":\"Which targeted therapy innovations are emphasized for different breast cancer subtypes?\",\"answer\":\"The review highlights CDK4/6 inhibitors, antibody-drug conjugates, and immune checkpoint inhibitors, noting improved outcomes for hormone receptor-positive, HER2-positive, and triple-negative breast cancer subtypes.\"},{\"question\":\"What emerging diagnostics and technologies support ongoing treatment monitoring and personalization?\",\"answer\":\"Liquid biopsy is described as enabling non-invasive, real-time monitoring of tumor evolution and treatment response. The review also notes the growing importance of molecular imaging and artificial intelligence for diagnostic precision, treatment personalization, and outcome prediction.\"}]","The treatment of breast cancer in the era of precision medicine - Review | PDF",1790182599,66]