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Findings indicate that learners who take tech subjects tend to earn more and are more likely to work in tech industries, with especially favourable outcomes linked to higher tech apprenticeships. 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report  \nMichael Scott, Maria Pia Iocco, and Luke Bocock, with research assistance from Sarah Tang and Juan Manuel Del Pozo Segura  \nContents  \nExecutive Summary 3  \nIntroduction 5  \nData and Methodology 6  \nSection 1:  \nThe benefits of tech qualifications 8  \nSection 2:  \nTech qualifications across the system 11  \nSection 3:  \nAccessing tech subjects and tech jobs 16  \nConclusions 22  \nReferences 23  \nAcknowledgments  \nWe would like to thank The Hg Foundation for funding this report, which forms part of the wider research programme on changes in UK tech hiring, future opportunities in the sector, and education pathways into tech jobs. We are particularly grateful to Kymrun Dhami, Jen Stevenson and James Turner from the Foundation for providing support, reviewing the draft report and giving feedback. We gratefully acknowledge the contributions of Jude Hillary, Sarah Tang and Dr Juan Manuel Del Pozo Segura at NFER. Finally, weare grateful to Camilla Nevill, Cheryl Lloyd, Professor Sandra McNally and Professor Andrew Noyes from our advisory group, who provided feedback on the analytical plan and/or the draft report. The responsibility for the views expressed and for any errors lie with the authors. The opinions expressed in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of The Hg Foundation.  \nMichael Scott, Maria Pia Iocco, and Luke Bocock, with research assistance from Sarah Tang and Juan Manuel Del Pozo Segura Published in November 2025  \nBy the National Foundation for Educational Research, The Mere, Upton Park, Slough, Berkshire SL1 2DQ  \n[www.nfer.ac.uk](www.nfer.ac.uk)  \n© 2025 National Foundation for Educational Research Registered Charity No. 313392  \nISBN: 978-1-916567-45-0  \nHow to cite this publication:  \nScott, M., Iocco, M. P. and Bocock, L. (2025) . The Tech Pipeline: Investigating educational pathways into the tech sector in England. Slough: NFER  \nThis work contains statistical data from ONS which is Crown Copyright. The use of the ONS statistical data in this work does not imply the endorsement of the ONS in relation to the interpretation or analysis of the statistical data. This work uses research datasets which may not exactly reproduce National Statistics aggregates.  \nExecutive Summary  \nThis is one of a suite of reports published by NFER and The Hg Foundation on changes in UK tech hiring, future opportunities in the sector, and education pathways into tech jobs. This report presents the findings of secondary data analysis, completed by NFER in 2025, on the tech pipeline. It sits alongside a longer technical report of this analysis, as well as another report on past trends and future predictions for UK tech hiring.  \nEducational pathways into jobs in the tech sector are critical for the UK economy, as well as for social mobility. This report looks at how those pathways support entry into the tech workforce (primarily in England) . It then reviews the extent to which there are disparities between different groups (defined by gender, ethnicity and disadvantage) within the education pipeline, as well as within the tech sector.  \nTo do this, we look at education and employment data. To review the whole pipeline, much of the analysis looks at a specific cohort – those aged 28 in 2019/20 – although more recent data too. We look at associations, not causal effects. The education and employment landscape changes over time, so readers should carefully consider findings when they relate to qualifications achieved some time ago.  \n1 Tech subjects, qualifications, industries and occupations are defined on pages 6-7  \n3 | The Tech Pipeline: Investigating educational pathways into the sector in England  \nSection 1:  \nThe benefits of tech qualifications  \nPeople who study qualifications in tech subjects tend to subsequently earn more (at age 28) than their peers who study other subjects.1 Amongs","cbCaihzntsTCIu85","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaihzntsTCIu85","pdf",3064848,24,"English","# Executive Summary\n# Introduction\n# Data and Methodology\n# Section 1: The benefits of tech qualifications\n# Section 2: Tech qualifications across the system\n# Section 3: Accessing tech subjects and tech jobs\n# Conclusions\n# References","[{\"question\":\"What is the main purpose of The Tech Pipeline report?\",\"answer\":\"It reviews how educational pathways into the tech sector (primarily in England) support entry into the tech workforce and highlights disparities across groups such as gender, ethnicity, and disadvantage.\"},{\"question\":\"What data approach does the report use?\",\"answer\":\"It uses education and employment data to examine associations along the pipeline, frequently analysing a cohort aged 28 in 2019/20 and also considering more recent data.\"},{\"question\":\"What outcomes are linked to studying tech qualifications?\",\"answer\":\"People who study tech subjects or take tech qualifications tend to earn more at age 28 and are more likely to work in a tech industry, with particularly favourable outcomes associated with higher-level tech apprenticeships.\"}]","The Tech Pipeline - Investigating educational pathways into the tech sector in England - A summary report | PDF",1792057301]