[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-115890-en":3,"doc-seo-115890-105":31,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":92},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":4,"category_id":11,"category_name":12,"doc_title":13,"doc_description":14,"doc_content":15,"file_id":16,"file_url":17,"file_type":18,"file_size":19,"view_count":20,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":21,"is_downloadable":21,"audit_status":21,"page_count":22,"language":23,"language_code":24,"site_id":25,"html_lang":24,"table_of_contents":26,"faqs":27,"seo_title":28,"seo_description":14,"update_tm":29,"read_time":30},115890,2336475104042,"Skyler","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/22000c4c32af1715be0?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1786537525561427321",8,"Research & Report","The Sun - A Solar Physics Guide","The Sun drives daily life on Earth, but meaningful understanding goes beyond perception of day and night and requires scientific investigation into its size, motion, composition, brightness, age, and lifetime. This book builds knowledge through carefully selected, striking images spanning from early seventeenth-century views to near real-time observations, using each picture to ask what is seen, why it matters, and how scientists came to know it. Discussions connect the Sun’s interior, surface phenomena, and invisible corona and solar wind, while addressing remaining unknowns and safe observing.","THE SUN  \n[OceanofPDF.com](OceanofPDF.com)  \nKOSMOS  \nA series exploring our expanding knowledge of the cosmos through science and technology and investigating historical, contemporary and future developments as well as providing guidance for all those interested in astronomy.  \nSeries Editor: Peter Morris  \n[OceanofPDF.com](OceanofPDF.com)  \nThe Sun  \nLeon Golub and Jay M. Pasachoff  \nREAKTION BOOKS  \nPublished in association with THE SCIENCE MUSEUM, LONDON  \n[OceanofPDF.com](OceanofPDF.com)  \nPublished by Reaktion Books Ltd Unit 32, Waterside  \n44–48 Wharf Road London N 1 7UX, UK  \n[www.reaktionbooks.co.uk](www.reaktionbooks.co.uk)  \nIn association with  \nScience Museum Exhibition Road  \nLondon SW7 2DD, UK  \n[www.sciencemuseum.org.uk](www.sciencemuseum.org.uk)  \nFirst published 2017  \nCopyright © Leon Golub and Jay M. Pasachoff 2017 Science Museum ® SCMG Enterprises Ltd and logo design © SCMG Enterprises Ltd  \nAll rights reserved  \nNo part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publishers  \nPage References in the Photo Acknowledgements and Index Match the Printed Edition of this Book.  \nPrinted and bound in China  \nA catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library eISBN: 9781780238029  \n[OceanofPDF.com](OceanofPDF.com)  \nCONTENTS  \nPREFACE  \n1 SUNSPOTS  \n2 LOOKING INSIDE THE SUN  \n3 A SOLAR PULSE  \n4 A SPECTRUM AND WHAT IT TELLS US  \n5 THE SOLAR CHROMOSPHERE AND PROMINENCES  \n6 THE VISIBLE CORONA  \n7 THE INVISIBLE CORONA: A DISCUSSION MOSTLY ABOUT PHOTONS  \n8 STORMS FROM THE SUN: A DISCUSSION MOSTLY ABOUT PARTICLES AND FIELDS EPILOGUE: THE HELIOSPHERE  \nAPPENDIX I: OBSERVING THE SUN SAFELY  \nAPPENDIX II: AMATEUR SOLAR OBSERVING  \nAPPENDIX III: OBSERVING THE CORONA AT ECLIPSE  \nAPPENDIX IV: OBSERVING THE SUN FROM SPACE  \nENDNOTES  \nFURTHER READING  \nACKNOWLEDGEMENTS  \nPHOTO ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS  \nINDEX  \n[OceanofPDF.com](OceanofPDF.com)  \n1 The silhouette of Mercury is suspended in front of the solar granulation in this image from the 9 May 2016 transit of Mercury across the face of the Sun. The granulation is structure roughly the size of the United Kingdom in the everyday surface of the Sun, which is known as the solar photosphere. The structure results from convection, which is similar to boiling. The image was taken with the 1.6-m (mirror ’s diameter) New Solar Telescope, with adaptive optics, at the Big Bear Solar Observatory in California by one of the authors (JMP) and colleagues. The apparent smaller structure adjacent to Mercury’s disc is an artefact of the adaptive-optics process that makes the detail so sharp.  \n[OceanofPDF.com](OceanofPDF.com)  \nPREFACE  \nmthorhe infSuueonvcee onrheado, ur envto thement:perateom the warmtones in whichrtohef theequatorworld’s  \nt is readily apparent that the Sun matters for life on Earth and that it has a  \npopulation lives, to the icy lands of the midnight Sun, we see the effects of the extremes of the amount of sunlight on Earth. Every day we feel the effect of its coming and going – literally the difference between day and night.  \nBut getting beyond that basic perception requires a scientific understanding. The Sun is not the same size and distance as the Moon, appearances notwithstanding. It does not revolve around the Earth, eventhough it looks as though it does. Figuring out what it is, what it’s made of, why it glows so brightly, how old it is, how long it will last – all of these take much thought and experiment. The purpose of this book is to begin to get at some of that understanding, to explore what we know about the Sun and how we have come to know it.  \nThere are many ways to approach this topic. Here we have chosen a slightly unusual way that we hope will complement the more traditional ones. We have carefully selected some of the most striking and important images of the Sun – so","cbCaisexnjz5UwtP","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaisexnjz5UwtP","pdf",29633229,2,1,190,"English","en",105,"# Preface\n# Sunspots\n# Looking Inside the Sun\n# A Solar Pulse\n# A Spectrum and What It Tells Us\n# The Solar Chromosphere and Prominences\n# The Visible Corona\n# The Invisible Corona: A Discussion Mostly About Photons\n# Storms from the Sun: A Discussion Mostly About Particles and Fields\n# Epilogue: The Heliosphere\n# Appendix I: Observing the Sun Safely\n# Appendix II: Amateur Solar Observing\n# Appendix III: Observing the Corona at Eclipse\n# Appendix IV: Observing the Sun from Space","[{\"question\":\"What is the book’s goal in studying the Sun?\",\"answer\":\"It aims to develop scientific understanding of what the Sun is, what it is made of, why it glows, how old it is, and how long it will last.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the book teach solar science?\",\"answer\":\"It uses carefully selected images of the Sun as the focus for each discussion, guiding readers to interpret what they see and how knowledge was obtained.\"},{\"question\":\"Which parts of the Sun does the book cover?\",\"answer\":\"It moves from the Sun’s interior to its surface and sunspots, then to the invisible corona and solar wind, and finally to the heliosphere.\"}]","The Sun - 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