[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-seo-331286-105":3,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":81,"doc-detail-331286-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"ok",{"site_id":7,"language":8,"slug":9,"title":10,"keywords":11,"description":12,"schema_data":13,"social_meta":74,"head_meta":76,"extra_data":78,"updated_unix":80},105,"en","the-spiral-model-of-evolution-stable-life-forms-of-organisms-and-unstable-life-forms-of-cancers","The Spiral Model of Evolution - Stable Life Forms of Organisms and Unstable Life Forms of Cancers","","Environmental-stress-mediated chromosome instability (CIN) is argued to be a dominant driver of cancer evolution, generating genomically unstable life forms that outcompete stable host cell populations. While stochastic gene mutations can support growth depending on system emergence, the many possible gene changes reduce the clinical value of any single mutation. Because unstable systems can respond to therapy differently, treatment can fail as new systems form. A two-phased, CIN-linked macro/microevolution framework and a spiral of life function model unify cancer as a heterogeneous supersystem, guiding improved treatment strategies.",{"@graph":14,"@context":73},[15,34,56],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/","Healthcare",3,{"item":32,"name":10,"@type":21,"position":33},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/the-spiral-model-of-evolution-stable-life-forms-of-organisms-and-unstable-life-forms-of-cancers/331286/",4,{"url":32,"name":10,"@type":35,"image":36,"author":41,"headline":10,"publisher":44,"fileFormat":47,"inLanguage":8,"description":12,"dateModified":48,"datePublished":49,"encodingFormat":47,"isAccessibleForFree":50,"interactionStatistic":51},"DigitalDocument",{"url":37,"@type":38,"width":39,"height":40},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/the-spiral-model-of-evolution-stable-life-forms-of-organisms-and-unstable-life-forms-of-cancers/331286.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":42,"@type":43},"Levi","Person",{"url":19,"name":45,"@type":46},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-27","2026-09-21",true,{"@type":52,"interactionType":53,"userInteractionCount":55},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":54},"ViewAction",8,{"@type":57,"mainEntity":58},"FAQPage",[59,65,69],{"name":60,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":62},"What is the main proposed driver of cancer evolution in the spiral model?","Question",{"text":63,"@type":64},"Environmental-stress-mediated chromosome instability (CIN) is proposed to surpass individual gene mutations as the key factor driving cancer evolution.","Answer",{"name":66,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":67},"How do unstable and stable life forms relate to host competition?",{"text":68,"@type":64},"CIN creates genomically unstable life forms that can grow dominantly within the host’s stable life form by enabling macroevolution within a stable host environment.",{"name":70,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":71},"Why might cancer escape drug treatment?",{"text":72,"@type":64},"Because newly formed systems can arise from CIN-mediated unstable supersystems and respond differently to therapy, cancer can develop treatment-induced resistance.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":32,"og:type":75,"og:title":10,"og:site_name":45,"og:description":12},"article",{"robots":77,"canonical":32},"index,follow",{"doc_id":79,"site_id":7},331286,1790924526,{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":83},"success",[84,88,92,96,101,106,110,114,119,122,126],{"id":22,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":85,"show_sort_weight":86,"slug":87},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":26,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":89,"show_sort_weight":90,"slug":91},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":33,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":93,"show_sort_weight":94,"slug":95},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":97,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":98,"show_sort_weight":99,"slug":100},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":102,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":103,"show_sort_weight":104,"slug":105},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":107,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":29,"show_sort_weight":108,"slug":109},7,40,"healthcare",{"id":55,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":111,"show_sort_weight":112,"slug":113},"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":115,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":116,"show_sort_weight":117,"slug":118},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":117,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":120,"show_sort_weight":117,"slug":121},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":123,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":124,"show_sort_weight":123,"slug":125},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":127,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":128,"show_sort_weight":97,"slug":129},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":131},{"doc_id":79,"user_id":132,"nickname":42,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":107,"category_name":29,"doc_title":10,"doc_description":12,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":55,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":22,"is_downloadable":22,"audit_status":22,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":8,"site_id":7,"html_lang":8,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":12,"update_tm":144,"read_time":99},7971461740909,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_155a257f0dc6eb9ab79c44ca47cae57d","Article  \nThe Spiral Model of Evolution: Stable Life Forms of Organisms and Unstable Life Forms of Cancers  \nAndrzej Kasperski 1, * and Henry H. Heng 2, *  \nCitation: Kasperski, A.; Heng, H.H.  \nThe Spiral Model of Evolution: Stable Life Forms of Organisms and Unstable Life Forms of Cancers. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25, 9163. [https://](https://)[ ](https://)[doi.org/10.3390/ijms25179163](doi.org/10.3390/ijms25179163)  \nAcademic Editor: Razmik Mirzayans  \nReceived: 29 June 2024  \nRevised: 19 August 2024  \nAccepted: 20 August 2024  \nPublished: 23 August 2024  \nCopyright: © 2024 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ([https://](https://)[ ](https://)[creativecommons.org/licenses/by/](creativecommons.org/licenses/by/)[ ](creativecommons.org/licenses/by/)[4.0/](4.0/)) .  \n1 Department of Biotechnology, Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Control of Bioprocesses, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Zielona Góra, Szafrana 1, 65-516 Zielona Góra, Poland  \n2 Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Department of Pathology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA  \n* Correspondence: [a.kasperski@wnb.uz.zgora.pl](a.kasperski@wnb.uz.zgora.pl) (A.K.); [hheng@med.wayne.edu or hhqheng@gmail.com](hheng@med.wayne.edu or hhqheng@gmail.com) (H.H.H.)  \nAbstract: If one must prioritize among the vast array of contributing factors to cancer evolution, environmental-stress-mediated chromosome instability (CIN) should easily surpass individual gene mutations. CIN leads to the emergence of genomically unstable life forms, enabling them to grow dominantly within the stable life form of the host. In contrast, stochastic gene mutations play a role in aiding the growth of the cancer population, with their importance depending on the initial emergence of the new system. Furthermore, many specific gene mutations among the many available can perform this function, decreasing the clinical value of any specific gene mutation. Since these unstable life forms can respond to treatment differently than stable ones, cancer often escapes from drug treatment by forming new systems, which leads to problems during the treatment for patients. To understand how diverse factors impact CIN-mediated macroevolution and genome integrity–ensured microevolution, the concept of two-phased cancer evolution is used to reconcile some major characteristics of cancer, such as bioenergetic, unicellular, and multicellular evolution. Specifically, the spiral of life function model is proposed, which integrates major historical evolutionary innovations and conservation with information management. Unlike normal organismal evolution in the microevolutionary phase, where a given species occupies a specific location within the spiral, cancer populations are highly heterogenous at multiple levels, including epigenetic levels. Individual cells occupy different levels and positions within the spiral, leading to supersystems of mixed cellular populations that exhibit both macro and microevolution. This analysis, utilizing karyotype to define the genetic networks of the cellular system and CIN to determine the instability of the system, as well as considering gene mutation and epigenetics as modifiers of the system for information amplification and usage, explores the high evolutionary potential of cancer. It provides anew, unified understanding of cancer as a supersystem, encouraging efforts to leverage the dynamics of CIN to develop improved treatment options. Moreover, it offers a historically contingent model for organismal evolution that reconciles the roles of both evolutionary innovation and conservation through macroevolution and microevolution, respectively.  \nKeywords: chromosome instability; evolution innovation and conservation; information management; spiral model of evolution; treatment-induced resis","cbCailcmISzgrMrc","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCailcmISzgrMrc","pdf",1164822,24,"English","# Introduction\n## Cancer evolution as a two-phased chaotic process\n## Limits of linear, gene-mutation–focused research","[{\"question\":\"What is the main proposed driver of cancer evolution in the spiral model?\",\"answer\":\"Environmental-stress-mediated chromosome instability (CIN) is proposed to surpass individual gene mutations as the key factor driving cancer evolution.\"},{\"question\":\"How do unstable and stable life forms relate to host competition?\",\"answer\":\"CIN creates genomically unstable life forms that can grow dominantly within the host’s stable life form by enabling macroevolution within a stable host environment.\"},{\"question\":\"Why might cancer escape drug treatment?\",\"answer\":\"Because newly formed systems can arise from CIN-mediated unstable supersystems and respond differently to therapy, cancer can develop treatment-induced resistance.\"}]","The Spiral Model of Evolution - Stable Life Forms of Organisms and Unstable Life Forms of Cancers | PDF",1789992541]