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It instructs how to interpret roof geometry (run and rise), measure from specific reference points, and make key cuts for common rafters, hip rafters, and valley rafters. It details the difference between scales for common vs. hip-valley rafters, correct pivoting and marking steps, and cautions about keeping ridges and hips properly aligned during layout and 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does Swanson’s “one number” method simplify for roof framing?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"It simplifies roof framing by letting the user frame roofs using a single consistent measurement approach, treating roof members as geometrical relationships based on run and rise.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How are common rafter cuts determined in the guide?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"The guide instructs aligning the square with the rafter edge using the common scale, marking the top plumb cut, then measuring rafter length along the top edge and marking the matching plumb cuts for proper fit.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"Why does the square need a separate Hip-Val scale for hip and valley rafters?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Because hip and valley rafters run at a 45° angle relative to the common rafter, they must be longer and therefore require a different angle for the plumb cuts; the guide emphasizes using the same inch-rise number but 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Studdings or Joists  \nYou've got our Square ...Now,Get our Saw Set!  \n## SWANSON'S\n\nHEAVY  \nDUTY  \nSAW  \nSET  \nStop fighting dull saw blades.Reset the teeth with a  \n## SWANSON SAW SET\n\nFast and Easy —Right on the Job(see inside back cover for more detail)Write to Swanson Tool Co.for currentprices,or...see your local dealer.  \nSWANSON T0OL COMPANY,INC.  \nTHE SCALE.  \nNote:Each heavy block line is I°  \nwide.Each space is 2°wide.  \n## THE\"ONE NUMBER\"METHODFOR ANY PITCHED ROOF\n\nThe one number method developed by theSwanson Tool Co.simplifies roof framing towhere roofs are really framed as“easily asyour studdings or joists.\"  \nFollowing is a brief description of the vari-ous rafters,how to get the different cuts,where to measure from,what is meant by\"run”and“rise,\"information about the hipand valley rafter,ete.  \nThis book has been rewritten with the use ofmore pictures in the hope it willbe of greaterbenefit to those who are not as familiar withroof construction as the tradesman.Good plan-ning will save time and material.  \nNOw WITH FULL 90 DEGREE SCALE  \nThe square has been redesigned with theaddition of a full 90 degree scale,which willenable the user to mark any angle in degrees,as well as all the angles represented in“inchrise per foot run.”You can easily convert de-grees to inch rise or vice versa at a glance.The square makes an excellent guide for theelectric saw to run against and is very handyfor trim work.  \nCOMMON RAFTER:One running at rightangles(90°)from plate to ridge.The commonrafter will form the diagonal leg(hypothe-nuse)of a 90°triangle,with the rise and runforming the 90°angle of the triangle(Fig.1).  \nFig.1 also shows correct points from whichto measure.Study them and remember thepicture when you are on the job.Where thearrows show |Rafter Length,these arethe lines to measure from.When your lumberis not straight,always put the crown or highside up when laying out any rafter.When lay-ing out rafter as shown in Fig.1(lets assume5”rise),start at top end of rafter.Lay squareon face of rafter,with“T”bar of squaredown over the edge of rafter.Pivot square towhere number 5 on common scale lines upwith same edge of rafter as pivot point.Keeppivot point tight against edge of rafter.Startyour mark at pivot point,marking along topedge of square.See drawing in front of book.This gives the top plumb cut,to fit againstridge.  \nMeasure the rafter length along top edge ofrafter.Mark another plumb cut same as above.This line represents outside wall of the build-ing.(The same point from which you meas-ured the width of the building).Add what-ever length you want for a tail or eave to therafter lengths given in the table in back ofbook.Mark at end of tail on rafter is plumb  \ncut,same as one at top end of rafter(Fig.1).The tails of the rafters may be cut on theground,or wait until rafters are all in placeand mark the ends to a line and cut—whateveris the easiest.To get the Bottom or Heel cutsee Fig.2.  \nVALLEY RAFTER:One running diagon-ally from the plate to the ridge at the inter-section of gable extension with main roof(Fig.7).  \nHIP RAFTER:One running diagonallyfrom the plate to the ridge(Fig.7).  \nSince both hip and valley rafters run at a45°angle to the common rafter,they bothrepresent the diagonal or hypothenuse of aright triangle;the three sides being the hip,plate and common rafter,or the valley,ridgeand common rafter.Therefore,the cuts andlengths apply equally to hip and valley rafters(Fig.3).  \nYou will notice the square has a separateHip-Val Seale which must be used for eitherof these two rafters.But always use the samenumber on Hip-Val scale as you used on thecommon rafter scale—the number representinginch rise.The reason for the separate Hip-Valscale is that the hip and valley rafters run at45°to the common rafter,and therefore mustbe longer.In Fig.3,the hip rafter has ","cbCaicmUl188RUX2","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaicmUl188RUX2","pdf",5725463,23,"English","# THE \"ONE NUMBER\" METHOD FOR ANY PITCHED ROOF\n## Common Rafter\n## Valley Rafter\n## Hip Rafter\n## Hip-Val Scale and 45° Geometry\n## Jack Rafters","[{\"question\":\"What does Swanson’s “one number” method simplify for roof framing?\",\"answer\":\"It simplifies roof framing by letting the user frame roofs using a single consistent measurement approach, treating roof members as geometrical relationships based on run and rise.\"},{\"question\":\"How are common rafter cuts determined in the guide?\",\"answer\":\"The guide instructs aligning the square with the rafter edge using the common scale, marking the top plumb cut, then measuring rafter length along the top edge and marking the matching plumb cuts for proper fit.\"},{\"question\":\"Why does the square need a separate Hip-Val scale for hip and valley rafters?\",\"answer\":\"Because hip and valley rafters run at a 45° angle relative to the common rafter, they must be longer and therefore require a different angle for the plumb cuts; the guide emphasizes using the same inch-rise number but on the Hip-Val scale.\"}]","THE SPEEDSQUARE - Swanson’s Book of Rafter Lengths and Roof Construction | PDF",1792969749,58]