[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-437362-105":59,"doc-detail-437362-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","the-short-term-effectiveness-of-written-driver-knowledge-tests","THE SHORT-TERM EFFECTIVENESS OF WRITTEN DRIVER KNOWLEDGE TESTS","","Highway Safety Program Standard 5 for Driver Licensing requires states to test renewal applicants for rules of the road at least once every four years, but Virginia requested a waiver pending evidence of safety benefit. The study evaluated whether knowledge testing reduces accidents and convictions using four driver groups: control, manual-only, manual plus home test, and manual plus in-station test. Comparing accidents, major/minor convictions, and administrative actions, no statistically significant improvements were found in 125 of 135 comparisons; significant differences mostly involved refusals and small samples, concluding short-term performance is not improved by knowledge retesting.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/the-short-term-effectiveness-of-written-driver-knowledge-tests/437362/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/the-short-term-effectiveness-of-written-driver-knowledge-tests/437362.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Jordan Avery","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-09-30","2026-09-29",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":8},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"Why did Virginia request a waiver of the knowledge testing requirement?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"The state cited the cost of additional manpower, expanding facilities for nearly one million more applicants each year, and test-material expenses, while seeking evidence that knowledge testing provides a safety benefit.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How were the study groups defined?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Drivers were assigned to four groups: a control group with no treatment, a manual-only group, a manual plus a home test group, and a manual plus an in-station test at renewal group.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What do the short-term results indicate about knowledge testing effectiveness?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Across 135 comparisons, no statistical differences reached significance in 125 cases, and the remaining significant results largely involved refusals or very small samples. The report concludes knowledge testing does not improve short-term driving performance measured by accidents, convictions, and administrative actions.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},437362,1790767645,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":8,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145},1099523882367,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_9964176cb1d06d4a9deccf72a44ae3dc","THE SHORT-TERM EFFECTIVENESS OFWRITTEN DRIVER KNOWLEDGE TESTS  \nby  \nC.B.StokeResearch Analyst  \nPrepared by the Virginia Highway and Transportation Research Councilunder the Sponsorship of the Highway Safety Division of Virginiaand in cooperation with theVirginia Division of Motor Vehicles  \n(The opinions,findings,and conclusions expressed in thisreport are those of the author and not necessarily those ofthe sponsoring agencies.)  \nVirginia Highway &Transportation Research Council(A Cooperative Organization Sponsored Jointly by the VirginiaDepartment of Highways 8 Transportation andthe University of Virginia)  \nCharlottesville,Virginia  \nApril 1978  \nVHTRC 78-R51  \nSAFETY RESEARCH ADVISORY COMMITTEE  \nMR.R.W.DUVAL,Chairman,Deputy Director,Va.Highway Safety Div.  \nMR.FRANK ALTOBELLI,Regional Administrator,National Highway TrafficSafety Administration  \nMAJOR C.M.BOLDIN,Field Supervisor,Va.Dept.of State Police  \nMR.W.E.DOUGLAS,Asst.Director,Va.Highway Safety Div.  \nMR.W.S.FERGUSON,Research Analyst,VH&TRC  \nMR.C.P.HEITZLER,JR.,Program Manager,Div.of Management Analysisand Systems Development  \nMR.S.S.HELLMAN,Asst.to the Director,Emergency Medical Services,State Department of Health  \nMR.J.K.HICKMAN,VASAP Evaluator,Va.Highway Safety Div.  \nMR.R.M.MCDONALD,Project Director,Hwy.Safety Training Center,V.C.U.  \nMR.B.G.JOHNSON,Supervisor,Driver Education,State Dept.of Ed.  \nMR.H.R.JOHNSON,Management Information Systems Director,Office ofSecretary of Transportation  \nMR.R.F.MCCARTY,Safety Program Coordinator,FHWA  \nMR.R.E.SPRING,Driver Services Administrator,Div.of Motor VehiclesMR.A.L.THOMAS,Asst.Traffic 8 Safety Engineer,VDH&T  \nMR.AMBROSE WOODROOF,Asst.Attorney General,Commonwealth of Virginia  \n# ABSTRACT\n\nHighway Safety Program Standard 5,Driver Licensing,issuedby the u.S.Department of Transportation requires the states totest applicants for a renewal of their operator's license on rulesof the road at least once every four years.  The cost of additionalmanpower to administer and score these tests,the expense of expand-ing existing facilities to deal with nearly one million additionalapplicants per year,and the cost of test materials led the stateof Virginia to request a waiver of the testing portion of thestandard until evidence could be presented to show that knowledgetesting had the desired safety benefit.  \nThe state,in requesting this waiver,proposed to conduct astudy of the efficacy of knowledge testing as an accident/convic-tion reduction countermeasure.The test subjects comprised fourgroups of drivers:  a control group receiving no treatment,agroup that received only a driver's manual,a group that receiveda manual and a test to be completed at home,and a group that re-ceived a manual and were requested to take a test in the examiningstation at the time of application for license renewal.  \nComparisons between groups were made of accidents,major con-victions,minor convictions,accidents with an _associated conviction,and administrative actions taken as a result of points accumulatedunder the Driver Improvement Program.  For the two groups adminis-tered a knowledge test,comparisons involved those who passed,failed,or refused to take the test.  (Since Virginia statutes donot require knowledge testing for every renewal applicant,therewas the probability of a refusal group.)  \nThe study findings are to be presented in two reports.Thisreport covers the first six months of driving exposure for eachapplicant and deals with the short-term effects of the program.Asecond report,to be prepared at the end of two year's drivingexposure,will deal with long-term effects.  \nThe short-term findings of the study can be summarized undertwo broad categories:  comparisons where statistical differenceswere not proven to exist,and comparisons where a statisticaldifference between groups did exist.The comparisons within eachof these categories are:  the control group compared to an experi-mental group,two experimental groups compared to each other,a","cbCaiqa8Kpg4wQDX","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiqa8Kpg4wQDX","pdf",3068097,64,"English","# ABSTRACT\n## Study purpose and rationale\n## Experimental groups and test conditions\n## Outcome measures and comparisons\n## Key findings on short-term effects\n## Conclusions","[{\"question\":\"Why did Virginia request a waiver of the knowledge testing requirement?\",\"answer\":\"The state cited the cost of additional manpower, expanding facilities for nearly one million more applicants each year, and test-material expenses, while seeking evidence that knowledge testing provides a safety benefit.\"},{\"question\":\"How were the study groups defined?\",\"answer\":\"Drivers were assigned to four groups: a control group with no treatment, a manual-only group, a manual plus a home test group, and a manual plus an in-station test at renewal group.\"},{\"question\":\"What do the short-term results indicate about knowledge testing effectiveness?\",\"answer\":\"Across 135 comparisons, no statistical differences reached significance in 125 cases, and the remaining significant results largely involved refusals or very small samples. The report concludes knowledge testing does not improve short-term driving performance measured by accidents, convictions, and administrative actions.\"}]","THE SHORT-TERM EFFECTIVENESS OF WRITTEN DRIVER KNOWLEDGE TESTS | PDF",1790681291,161]