[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-seo-587754-105":3,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":85,"doc-detail-587754-en":134},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"ok",{"site_id":7,"language":8,"slug":9,"title":10,"keywords":11,"description":12,"schema_data":13,"social_meta":78,"head_meta":80,"extra_data":82,"updated_unix":84},105,"en","the-segregation-paradox-in-school-choice-policy-brief-april-2025","The Segregation Paradox in School Choice - Policy Brief - April 2025","","Policy brief analyzing how school choice affects racial and economic segregation in Michigan. Residential segregation drives most segregation, and while inter-district and charter options may reduce it by expanding attendance beyond neighborhoods, evidence suggests choice can also increase segregation due to unequal access and differing preferences by race and socioeconomic status. Using student-level data from 2009–2019, the brief evaluates inter-district and charter impacts, linking charter growth to higher within-district segregation and detailing mechanisms behind observed trends.",{"@graph":14,"@context":77},[15,34,56],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/","Research & Report",3,{"item":32,"name":10,"@type":21,"position":33},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/the-segregation-paradox-in-school-choice-policy-brief-april-2025/587754/",4,{"url":32,"name":10,"@type":35,"image":36,"author":41,"headline":10,"publisher":44,"fileFormat":47,"inLanguage":8,"description":12,"dateModified":48,"datePublished":49,"encodingFormat":47,"isAccessibleForFree":50,"interactionStatistic":51},"DigitalDocument",{"url":37,"@type":38,"width":39,"height":40},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/the-segregation-paradox-in-school-choice-policy-brief-april-2025/587754.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":42,"@type":43},"Melati","Person",{"url":19,"name":45,"@type":46},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-27","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":52,"interactionType":53,"userInteractionCount":55},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":54},"ViewAction",5,{"@type":57,"mainEntity":58},"FAQPage",[59,65,69,73],{"name":60,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":62},"Why can school choice both reduce and increase segregation?","Question",{"text":63,"@type":64},"School choice can reduce segregation by allowing students to attend schools outside their neighborhoods. It can also increase segregation if families choose based on school demographics or if access differs by race or income.","Answer",{"name":66,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":67},"What data and time period does the study use?",{"text":68,"@type":64},"The study uses student-level data from 2009 to 2019 to analyze how inter-district enrollment and charter school attendance affect segregation patterns in Michigan.",{"name":70,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":71},"What relationship does the brief find between charter enrollment and segregation?",{"text":72,"@type":64},"Increased charter school enrollment is linked with higher within-district racial and economic segregation.",{"name":74,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":75},"How do inter-district choice effects differ depending on charter presence?",{"text":76,"@type":64},"Inter-district enrollment can increase economic segregation in districts without charter schools, while in regions with charter schools it can help reduce racial segregation across districts.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":32,"og:type":79,"og:title":10,"og:site_name":45,"og:description":12},"article",{"robots":81,"canonical":32},"index,follow",{"doc_id":83,"site_id":7},587754,1792144159,{"code":4,"msg":86,"data":87},"success",[88,92,96,100,104,109,114,118,123,126,130],{"id":22,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":89,"show_sort_weight":90,"slug":91},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":26,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":93,"show_sort_weight":94,"slug":95},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":33,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":97,"show_sort_weight":98,"slug":99},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":55,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":101,"show_sort_weight":102,"slug":103},"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":105,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":106,"show_sort_weight":107,"slug":108},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":110,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":111,"show_sort_weight":112,"slug":113},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":115,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":29,"show_sort_weight":116,"slug":117},8,30,"research-report",{"id":119,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":120,"show_sort_weight":121,"slug":122},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":121,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":124,"show_sort_weight":121,"slug":125},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":127,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":128,"show_sort_weight":127,"slug":129},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":131,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":132,"show_sort_weight":55,"slug":133},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":86,"data":135},{"doc_id":83,"user_id":136,"nickname":42,"user_avatar":137,"doc_module":4,"category_id":115,"category_name":29,"doc_title":10,"doc_description":12,"doc_content":138,"file_id":139,"file_url":140,"file_type":141,"file_size":142,"view_count":55,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":22,"is_downloadable":22,"audit_status":22,"page_count":110,"language":143,"language_code":8,"site_id":7,"html_lang":8,"table_of_contents":144,"faqs":145,"seo_title":146,"seo_description":12,"update_tm":147,"read_time":148,"preview_page_count":4},962085570644,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_994ba38a5ba835b3df7d355c54d3ed8d","The Segregation Paradox in School Choice  \nDanielle Sanderson Edwards, Old Dominion University Kaitlin P. Anderson, American Institutes for Research  \nPolicy Brief | April 2025  \nSummary  \nResidential segregation accounts for most school segregation. School choice policies have the potential to decrease school segregation by allowing students to attend schools outside their neighborhoods. However, some research indicates that these policies can also contribute to increased segregation, likely due to differences in access to choice and preferences for schools by race and socioeconomic status. This study focuses on Michigan’s school choice landscape, analyzing how these policies affect racial and economic segregation. In Michigan, students have several options to attend schools other than their residentially assigned school: a) traditional public schools (TPS) within their own district (intra-district choice), b) TPS in other districts (inter-district choice) or c) charter schools. Using student-level data from 2009-2019, we analyze the impact of inter-district and charter school choice on segregation patterns within Michigan. We draw the following conclusions:  \n• Increased charter school enrollment is linked with higher within-district racial and economic segregation.  \n• Inter-district enrollment increases economic segregation in districts without charter schools but, in regions with charter schools it can help reduce racial segregation across districts.  \n• Trends in school segregation are partially explained by Black and economically disadvantaged students attending schools with more same race or more historically advantaged students.  \nBackground  \nSchool segregation by race and income is a persistent problem across the country. While the court-ordered desegregation plans following the Brown v. Board of Education ruling dramatically reduced racial segregation within districts, segregation across districts persists. The movement of white and higher-income families to the suburbs in combination with discriminatory practices such as historical redlining and exclusionary housing laws have left communities of color living in low-income neighborhoods separated from white communities.  \nSchool choice policies can help reduce school segregation by letting students attend schools outside their immediate neighborhood. However, school choice may increase school segregation if families choose schools based on school demographics or if there is unequal access to schools by race or income. This  \nappears to be the case. Prior research finds that parents take a variety of factors into account when choosing schooling for their families, racial composition is one of them. Students from low-income families also face obstacles to participating in school choice such as limited transportation options and complex enrollment procedures.  \nSchool Choice in Michigan  \nMichigan has allowed inter-district enrollment since 1996 through its Schools of Choice (SoC) program. Under this program, districts can enroll students from within the same intermediate school district (ISD) or neighboring ISD. These ISDs typically oversee 6-7 districts and are similar in size to southern states’countywide districts. Charter schools, also known as Public School Academies (PSAs), have been permitted to operate in Michigan since 1993.  \nKey Choice-Related Terms and Programs in Michigan  \nIntermediate School Districts (ISDs)  \n• Regional government agencies that support local school districts, often serving a county  \n• Assist districts by providing educational support, curriculum guidance, special education oversight, and career-technical education services often serving individual counties  \n• Act as a liaison between local schools and the state education department  \nSchools of Choice (SoC) Program  \n• A statewide inter-district choice program started in Michigan in 1996 that allows districts to enroll students who live in the same ISD or a contiguous ISD without th","cbCaiuh3kQlz8WiW","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiuh3kQlz8WiW","pdf",5107841,"English","# Summary\n# Background\n# School Choice in Michigan\n# Key Choice-Related Terms and Programs in Michigan\n## Intermediate School Districts (ISDs)\n## Schools of Choice (SoC) Program\n## Public School Academies (Charter Schools)\n# Participation and Enrollment Patterns (2010–2019)\n# Figure 1 Overview","[{\"question\":\"Why can school choice both reduce and increase segregation?\",\"answer\":\"School choice can reduce segregation by allowing students to attend schools outside their neighborhoods. It can also increase segregation if families choose based on school demographics or if access differs by race or income.\"},{\"question\":\"What data and time period does the study use?\",\"answer\":\"The study uses student-level data from 2009 to 2019 to analyze how inter-district enrollment and charter school attendance affect segregation patterns in Michigan.\"},{\"question\":\"What relationship does the brief find between charter enrollment and segregation?\",\"answer\":\"Increased charter school enrollment is linked with higher within-district racial and economic segregation.\"},{\"question\":\"How do inter-district choice effects differ depending on charter presence?\",\"answer\":\"Inter-district enrollment can increase economic segregation in districts without charter schools, while in regions with charter schools it can help reduce racial segregation across districts.\"}]","The Segregation Paradox in School Choice - Policy Brief - April 2025 | PDF",1792062933,18]