[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-31843":3,"doc-seo-31843":27},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":4,"category_id":11,"category_name":12,"doc_title":13,"doc_description":14,"file_id":15,"file_url":16,"file_type":17,"file_size":18,"view_count":4,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":19,"is_downloadable":19,"audit_status":19,"page_count":20,"language":21,"language_code":22,"table_of_contents":23,"faqs":24,"seo_title":13,"seo_description":14,"update_tm":25,"read_time":26},31843,1099514067438,"River Wang","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/100002539ee87300030?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1780474512215547542",8,"Research & Report","The Scope of Investors’ Legitimate Expectations under the FET Standard in the European Renewable Energy Cases","In the 2000s, several European states encouraged foreign investment in renewable energy by offering financial incentives, then later reduced or withdrew those incentives after economic difficulties. The resulting disputes raised whether such regulatory changes violated investors’ legitimate expectations protected under the fair and equitable treatment (FET) standard. The article contends that legitimate expectations should function analogously to estoppel, limiting a state’s ability to renege on clear commitments that investors reasonably relied upon, including legislative measures.","cbCaimlV7INrxpXL","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaimlV7INrxpXL","pdf",287343,1,30,"English","en","# Introduction\n## FET standard and legitimate expectations\n## European Renewable Energy Cases and interpretive approaches","[{\"question\":\"What triggered investment disputes in the European renewable energy sector?\",\"answer\":\"Several European states introduced financial incentives to attract foreign investment in renewable energy during the 2000s, then later wound back those incentives after economic troubles, harming foreign investors and prompting investment claims.\"},{\"question\":\"What is the central issue addressed by the article?\",\"answer\":\"Whether decisions to amend or withdraw financial incentives breached investors’ legitimate expectations under the fair and equitable treatment (FET) standard.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the article explain the legal role of investors’ legitimate expectations?\",\"answer\":\"It argues legitimate expectations should operate analogously to estoppel: if a state makes clear commitments to induce investment (including in legislation) and the investor reasonably relies on them, the state should not renege without liability under the FET standard.\"}]",1780261370,76,{"code":4,"msg":28,"data":29},"ok",{"site_id":30,"language":22,"slug":31,"title":13,"keywords":32,"description":14,"schema_data":33,"social_meta":84,"head_meta":86,"extra_data":88,"updated_unix":25},105,"the-scope-of-investors-legitimate-expectations-under-the-fet-standard-in-the-european-renewable-energy-cases","",{"@graph":34,"@context":83},[35,52,66],{"@type":36,"itemListElement":37},"BreadcrumbList",[38,42,46,49],{"item":39,"name":40,"@type":41,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":43,"name":44,"@type":41,"position":45},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":47,"name":12,"@type":41,"position":48},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":50,"name":13,"@type":41,"position":51},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/the-scope-of-investors-legitimate-expectations-under-the-fet-standard-in-the-european-renewable-energy-cases/31843/",4,{"url":50,"name":13,"@type":53,"author":54,"headline":13,"publisher":56,"fileFormat":59,"description":14,"dateModified":60,"datePublished":60,"encodingFormat":59,"isAccessibleForFree":61,"interactionStatistic":62},"DigitalDocument",{"name":9,"@type":55},"Person",{"url":39,"name":57,"@type":58},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-05-31",true,{"@type":63,"interactionType":64,"userInteractionCount":4},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":65},"ViewAction",{"@type":67,"mainEntity":68},"FAQPage",[69,75,79],{"name":70,"@type":71,"acceptedAnswer":72},"What triggered investment disputes in the European renewable energy sector?","Question",{"text":73,"@type":74},"Several European states introduced financial incentives to attract foreign investment in renewable energy during the 2000s, then later wound back those incentives after economic troubles, harming foreign investors and prompting investment claims.","Answer",{"name":76,"@type":71,"acceptedAnswer":77},"What is the central issue addressed by the article?",{"text":78,"@type":74},"Whether decisions to amend or withdraw financial incentives breached investors’ legitimate expectations under the fair and equitable treatment (FET) standard.",{"name":80,"@type":71,"acceptedAnswer":81},"How does the article explain the legal role of investors’ legitimate expectations?",{"text":82,"@type":74},"It argues legitimate expectations should operate analogously to estoppel: if a state makes clear commitments to induce investment (including in legislation) and the investor reasonably relies on them, the state should not renege without liability under the FET standard.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":50,"og:type":85,"og:title":13,"og:site_name":57,"og:description":14},"article",{"robots":87,"canonical":50},"index,follow",{"doc_id":7,"site_id":30}]