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In steady-state, these cells maintain oral mucosal homeostasis; as antigen-presenting cells, LCs coordinate innate and adaptive responses, while γδT cells rapidly detect epithelial insults via cytokine production and cytolytic activity. Both cell types can shape early carcinogenic events, acting in anti- and pro-tumor ways.",{"@graph":69,"@context":123},[70,84,106],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/the-role-of-the-epithelial-sentinels-langerhans-cells-and-t-cells-in-oral-squamous-cell-carcinoma/340477/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/the-role-of-the-epithelial-sentinels-langerhans-cells-and-t-cells-in-oral-squamous-cell-carcinoma/340477.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Seraphina","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-31","2026-09-22",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":105},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",12,{"@type":107,"mainEntity":108},"FAQPage",[109,115,119],{"name":110,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":112},"What immune surveillance role do Langerhans cells and γδT cells play in the oral epithelium?","Question",{"text":113,"@type":114},"Langerhans cells and γδT cells act as resident immune sentinels that help maintain oral mucosal homeostasis and provide innate and adaptive immune responses to challenges faced by the epithelium.","Answer",{"name":116,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":117},"How do γδT cells contribute to early responses against epithelial insults and cancer-associated events?",{"text":118,"@type":114},"γδT cells sense diverse epithelial insults and respond rapidly by producing cytokines and carrying out cytolytic activity, positioning them to influence early carcinogenic events.",{"name":120,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":121},"Why is OSCC prognosis often poor despite advances in detection and treatment?",{"text":122,"@type":114},"Approximately one-third of treated patients experience recurrence and/or metastasis, and about two-thirds of patients are already at an advanced stage when diagnosed, contributing to the poor 5-year survival rate.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":125,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":127,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":129,"site_id":62},340477,1790131597,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":132},{"doc_id":129,"user_id":133,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":105,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":39,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":46},962075114101,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/e000253a75eb197efd?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1780044092746381165","DOI: 10. 1111/prd.12544  \nR E V I E W A RT I C L E  \nThe role of the epithelial sentinels, Langerhans cells and γδT cells, in oral squamous cell carcinoma  \nAvi-Hai Hovav1 | Asaf Wilensky2  \n1Institute of Biomedical and Oral Research, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel  \n2Department of Periodontology, Hadassah Medical Center, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel  \nCorrespondence  \nAvi-Hai Hovav, Institute of Biomedical and Oral Research, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel.  \nEmail: [avihaih@ekmd.huji.ac.il](avihaih@ekmd.huji.ac.il)  \nFunding information  \nBilli & Bernie Marcus; Israel Cancer Research Fund  \nAbstract  \nOral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) arises in the oral epithelium, a tissue in which immune surveillance is mediated by its primary resident leukocytes, Langerhans cells (LCs), and γδT cells. Under steady-state conditions, LCs and γδT cells play a critical role in maintaining oral mucosal homeostasis. As antigen-presenting cells of stratified epithelia, LCs respond to various challenges faced by the epithelium, orchestrating innate, and adaptive immune responses in order to resolve them. γδT cells also sense diverse epithelial insults and react rapidly through cytokine production and cytolytic activity. These epithelial sentinels are also considered to be the first leukocytes in the oral epithelium to encounter early carcinogenic events that have the potential of becoming OSCC. As evident in many malignancies, leukocyte populations help prevent cancer development although they also promote tumor progression. OSCC is no exception, as studies have reported both anti-and pro-tumor roles of LCs and γδT cells. In this review, we summarize the ontogeny of LCs and γδT cells in the oral epithelium and discuss their role in OSCC.  \nK E Y WO R D S  \nimmune sentinels, Langerhans cells, oral epithelium, γδT cells  \n1 | ORAL S QUAMO US CELL CARCINOMA  \nOral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most prevalent cancer in the oral cavity, accounting for more than 90% of oral malignancies.1 Despite recent advances in the detection, prevention, and treatment of OSCC, this highly aggressive cancer remains associated with a poor 5-year patient survival rate.2 Approximately, one-third of treated patients experience local or regional recurrence and/or distant metastasis. This poor prognosis can be attributed to the notion that about two-thirds of patients with OSCC are already at an advanced stage of the disease at the time of diagnosis. The main  \nrisk factors for oral cancer are exposure to exogenous carcinogens, such as tobacco smoke, smokeless tobacco, excess alcohol, and the presence of human papillomavirus (HPV) .3 Nevertheless, it is likely that other risk factors have yet to be identified.  \n2 | THE ORAL EPITHELIUM—NOT JUST A PHYSICAL BARRIER  \nThe oral mucosa is constantly exposed to microorganisms, dietary and airborne antigens/substances, that may be harmful and even  \nThis is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.  \n© 2024 The Authors. Periodontology 2000 published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.  \n222  \nHOVAV and WILENSKY  \ncarcinogenic. Oral carcinoma arises from epithelial tissues exhibiting robust cellular and molecular events, ranging from atypical hyperplasia, which is considered to be the precursor of a carcinoma, to a tumor and, ultimately, to metastatic cancer. To protect against carcinogenesis, the oral mucosa is covered with stratified squamous epithelium that is in a constant process of turnover. The oral mucosa also contains functionally distinct niches such as the gingiva, tongue, buccal, hard palate, and sublingual mucosae, allowing special adaption of the epithelium to the physiological task of each oral niche.4 Such niche-specific alterations in the epithelium ","cbCaiqt7l5rNPxih","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiqt7l5rNPxih","pdf",996405,"English","# Abstract\n# Oral squamous cell carcinoma\n## Risk factors and prognosis\n# The oral epithelium—Not just a physical barrier\n## Immune network and resident sentinel cells\n# Oral Langerhans cells","[{\"question\":\"What immune surveillance role do Langerhans cells and γδT cells play in the oral epithelium?\",\"answer\":\"Langerhans cells and γδT cells act as resident immune sentinels that help maintain oral mucosal homeostasis and provide innate and adaptive immune responses to challenges faced by the epithelium.\"},{\"question\":\"How do γδT cells contribute to early responses against epithelial insults and cancer-associated events?\",\"answer\":\"γδT cells sense diverse epithelial insults and respond rapidly by producing cytokines and carrying out cytolytic activity, positioning them to influence early carcinogenic events.\"},{\"question\":\"Why is OSCC prognosis often poor despite advances in detection and treatment?\",\"answer\":\"Approximately one-third of treated patients experience recurrence and/or metastasis, and about two-thirds of patients are already at an advanced stage when diagnosed, contributing to the poor 5-year survival rate.\"}]","The role of the epithelial sentinels, Langerhans cells and γδT cells, in oral squamous cell carcinoma | PDF",1790036757]