[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-586864-105":59,"doc-detail-586864-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","the-role-of-policy-in-shaping-and-addressing-the-consequences-of-parental-incarceration-for-child-development-in-the-united-states","The Role of Policy in Shaping and Addressing the Consequences of Parental Incarceration for Child Development in the United States","","The report examines how parental incarceration affects children’s development and well-being across developmental domains and stages, noting that 7% of U.S. children are impacted and that incarceration experience has expanded dramatically. It outlines associations between parental incarceration and adverse child outcomes, while analyzing the policy role in sustaining mass parental incarceration and in shaping responses to its impacts. It also highlights additional considerations for families of color, disproportionately affected by incarceration and related policies.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/the-role-of-policy-in-shaping-and-addressing-the-consequences-of-parental-incarceration-for-child-development-in-the-united-states/586864/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/the-role-of-policy-in-shaping-and-addressing-the-consequences-of-parental-incarceration-for-child-development-in-the-united-states/586864.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Sarah ","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-04","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":29},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"How common is parental incarceration in the United States, according to the report?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"The report states that more than five-fold increases have led to 7% of U.S. children experiencing incarceration of a parent, often the primary caregiver.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"What kinds of effects does parental incarceration have on children?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Parental incarceration is linked to consequences for children’s development and well-being across most developmental domains and all developmental stages.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"How does the report describe the role of policy in parental incarceration?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"It discusses policies that contribute to mass parental incarceration across federal, state, and local levels, and it also considers policy changes that could mitigate the impacts on child well-being.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},586864,1792172025,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":29,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":26,"preview_page_count":4},962085320529,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_9964176cb1d06d4a9deccf72a44ae3dc","| | | Volume 35, Number 3 | 2022\u003Cbr>Social Policy Report |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n\nThe Role of Policy in Shaping and Addressing the Consequences of Parental Incarceration for Child Development in the United States  \nBrittany P. Mihalec-Adkins, Research Services, Casey Family Programs, Seattle, Washington, USA  \nRebecca Shlafer, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA  \nABSTRACT  \nThe U. S. has seen a more than five-fold increase in the number of children who experience the incarceration of a parent, such that now 7% of all U. S. children have been impacted. Parental incarceration has been linked to an array of consequences for children's development and well-being, spanning most developmental domains and all developmental stages. The overarching goal of this report is to briefly summarize the associations between parental incarceration and adverse outcomes across various aspects of child well-being and development (Section I), and to discuss the role of policy (Section II) in both contributing to mass parental incarceration in the U. S. (Section II.A.) and addressing the many impacts of parental incarceration in the U. S. on child well-being and development (Section II. B.) . Throughout this report, we acknowledge impacts and additional considerations related to families of color, who are disproportionately affected by incarceration and associated policies.  \nKeywords  \nincarceration, jail, prison, child development, parent, family adversity  \nCorrespondence  \nBrittany P. Mihalec-Adkins ([bmihalec-adkins@casey.org](bmihalec-adkins@casey.org))  \nSocial Policy Report | 1  \nSocial Policy Report  \nVolume 35, Number 3 | 2022 ISSN 1075-7031  \nSocial Policy Report is published three times a year by the Society for Research in Child Development.  \nEDITORIAL TEAM  \nLead Editor  \nEllen Wartella, PhD  \n[ellen-wartella@northwestern.edu](ellen-wartella@northwestern.edu)  \nAssociate Editor  \nFashina Aladé, PhD  \n[alade@u.northwestern.edu](alade@u.northwestern.edu)  \nEditorial Board  \nP. Lindsay Chase-Lansdale, PhD Sandra Waxman, PhD David Figlio, PhD Craig Garfield, MD Neil Jordan, PhD Terri Sabol, PhD David Uttal, PhD Diane Schanzenbach, PhD Dedre Gentner, PhD Matthew M. Davis, MD Amelie Petitclerc, PhD Rachel Flynn, PhDOnnie Rogers, PhD  \nSRCD Policy Staff  \nNighisti Dawit, M. Sc. Rose Ippolito  \nManager of Publications  \nMelissa Lutchkus  \nFROM THE EDITOR  \nAs this SPR is going to press, President Biden has just announced that he will pardon all those who have been federally convicted of marijuana possession, a move which has popular support in the country, and he is urging state governors to follow his lead (New York Times, October 6, 2022) . This is just one step towards reforms meant to help ameliorate the fact that incarceration rates in the U. S. have skyrocketed over the last several decades. A vast proportion of Americans have been charged with federal, state, or local crimes, and it is increasingly true that many of them are parents of young children. In this issue of Social Policy Report, authors Brittany Mihalec-Adkins and Rebecca Shlafer consider the policies at all three levels of government that impact parental incarceration and its effects on children.  \nThis is not a small issue—as the authors point out, the U. S. incarcerates a greater share of its population (700 incarcerations per 100,000 in the population) than any other country in the world. It is now considered a common life occurrence to have a close family member incarcerated. The rate of incarcerated women, specifically, grew by 700% between 1980 and 2019, and the majority of these incarcerated women are mothers of children under age 18. Data from 2015 showed that 7% of all U. S. children are impacted by a parent, and often primary caregiver, being incarcerated.  \nThis SPR is careful to add that incarceration rates in the U. S. are clearly tied to issues of structural racism and economic inequality. For instance, the authors note th","cbCaifP8X7faTLsG","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaifP8X7faTLsG","pdf",256654,24,"English","# Abstract\n## Scope and purpose\n## Consequences for child development\n## Policy drivers and policy responses\n## Equity considerations for families of color","[{\"question\":\"How common is parental incarceration in the United States, according to the report?\",\"answer\":\"The report states that more than five-fold increases have led to 7% of U.S. children experiencing incarceration of a parent, often the primary caregiver.\"},{\"question\":\"What kinds of effects does parental incarceration have on children?\",\"answer\":\"Parental incarceration is linked to consequences for children’s development and well-being across most developmental domains and all developmental stages.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the report describe the role of policy in parental incarceration?\",\"answer\":\"It discusses policies that contribute to mass parental incarceration across federal, state, and local levels, and it also considers policy changes that could mitigate the impacts on child well-being.\"}]","The Role of Policy in Shaping and Addressing the Consequences of Parental Incarceration for Child Development in the United States | PDF",1792059684]