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Evidence links oxidative stress to cell senescence, apoptosis, and multiple disease processes, establishing it as a key pathophysiological pathway in tumorigenesis and progression. This review synthesizes how oxidative stress influences tumor development across stages of tumorigenesis and cell-fate determination, emphasizing pathways including mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum stress and ferroptosis, and weighing both promotion and inhibition mechanisms. 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It influences tumor development by disrupting cellular components and signaling.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How does oxidative stress affect tumorigenesis and progression?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"It participates in multiple stages from tumorigenesis to tumor cell death. The review describes both promotive and inhibitory effects mediated through complex pathways.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"Which cellular pathways are highlighted as important in oxidative-stress-driven cancer effects?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"The article emphasizes pathways involving mitochondrial stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress, as well as ferroptosis, linking these processes to cell-fate decisions such as senescence and death.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},330207,1790182171,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":29,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":26,"preview_page_count":4},962075006959,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/e0002397efbe92a78e?_k=1776741047341049297","cells  \nReview  \nThe Role of Oxidative Stress in Tumorigenesis and Progression  \nKexin Li†, Zhangyuzi Deng†, Chunran Lei, Xiaoqing Ding, Jing Li and Changshan Wang *  \nCitation: Li, K.; Deng, Z.; Lei, C.; Ding, X.; Li, J.; Wang, C. The Role of Oxidative Stress in Tumorigenesis and Progression. Cells 2024, 13, 441 . [https://doi.org/10.3390/](https://doi.org/10.3390/)[ ](https://doi.org/10.3390/)cells13050441  \nAcademic Editor: José M. Cuezva  \nReceived: 11 January 2024  \nRevised: 20 February 2024  \nAccepted: 29 February 2024  \nPublished: 2 March 2024  \nCopyright: © 2024 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ([https://](https://)[ ](https://)[creativecommons.org/licenses/by/](creativecommons.org/licenses/by/)[ ](creativecommons.org/licenses/by/)[4.0/](4.0/)) .  \nLaboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, 49 Xilingol South Road, Yu Quan District, Hohhot 010020, China;  \n[kexinli@mail.imu.edu.cn](kexinli@mail.imu.edu.cn) (K.L.); [zhangyuzideng@mail.imu.edu.cn](zhangyuzideng@mail.imu.edu.cn) (Z.D.); [chunranlei@mail.imu.edu.cn](chunranlei@mail.imu.edu.cn) (C.L.);  \n[xiaoqingding1218@126.com](xiaoqingding1218@126.com) (X.D.); [ljdbmonologist@163.com](ljdbmonologist@163.com) (J.L.)  \n* Correspondence: [changshanwang@imu.edu.cn](changshanwang@imu.edu.cn); Tel.: +86-15148066197 † These authors contributed equally to this work.  \nAbstract: Oxidative stress refers to the imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the endogenous antioxidant defense system. Its involvement in cell senescence, apoptosis, and series diseases has been demonstrated. Advances in carcinogenic research have revealed oxidative stress as a pivotal pathophysiological pathway in tumorigenesis and to be involved in lung cancer, glioma, hepatocellular carcinoma, leukemia, and so on. This review combs the effects of oxidative stress on tumorigenesis on each phase and cell fate determination, and three features are discussed. Oxidative stress takes part in the processes ranging from tumorigenesis to tumor death via series pathways and processes like mitochondrial stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and ferroptosis. It can affect cell fate by engaging in the complex relationships between senescence, death, and cancer. The influence of oxidative stress on tumorigenesis and progression is a multi-stage interlaced process that includes two aspects of promotion and inhibition, with mitochondria as the core of regulation. A deeper and more comprehensive understanding of the effects of oxidative stress on tumorigenesis is conducive to exploring more tumor therapies.  \nKeywords: oxidative stress; tumorigenesis; mitochondria; cell aging; cell death; tumor treatment  \n1. Introduction  \nRecently, the relationship between oxidative stress and cancer has become a hot issue. Oxidative stress is closely related to tumor development and can interfere with tumor cell fate through a complex regulatory network. Considering that a major challenge in cancer treatment lies in the diverse mechanisms of tumor development and evasion, targeting oxidative stress may be a comprehensive approach compared with some single efficacy targets. ROS, as one of the normal cellular metabolites, exists in various forms, such as radicals possessing a single unpaired reactive electron in the outermost orbital, including superoxide anion (O 2•− ), hydroxyl radical (OH•), carbonate radical anion (CO 3•− ), nitrogen dioxide (NO 2•), alkoxyl/alkyl peroxyl (RO• /ROO•), etc., and non-radicals lacking unpaired electrons and characterized as two-electron oxidants, including hydrogen peroxide (H 2O2), nitric oxide (NO), hypochlorous acid (HOCl), etc. [1,2] . With an intensive oxidative capacity, ROS can attack nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids, resulting in DNA da","cbCaisbeyicEWpKd","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaisbeyicEWpKd","pdf",3424728,24,"English","# Introduction\n# Oxidative Stress and Tumorigenesis","[{\"question\":\"What does oxidative stress mean in cancer research?\",\"answer\":\"Oxidative stress is the imbalance between ROS production and the endogenous antioxidant defense system. It influences tumor development by disrupting cellular components and signaling.\"},{\"question\":\"How does oxidative stress affect tumorigenesis and progression?\",\"answer\":\"It participates in multiple stages from tumorigenesis to tumor cell death. The review describes both promotive and inhibitory effects mediated through complex pathways.\"},{\"question\":\"Which cellular pathways are highlighted as important in oxidative-stress-driven cancer effects?\",\"answer\":\"The article emphasizes pathways involving mitochondrial stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress, as well as ferroptosis, linking these processes to cell-fate decisions such as senescence and death.\"}]","The Role of Oxidative Stress in Tumorigenesis and Progression | PDF",1789987710]