[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-407782-105":59,"doc-detail-407782-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","the-role-of-mmps-in-intracerebral-hemorrhage-review","The role of MMPs in intracerebral hemorrhage - Review","","Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) disrupts cerebral vascular integrity, driving hematoma enlargement, cerebral edema, and subsequent brain tissue injury. With disability and mortality rates that can reach 50%, timely therapeutic target identification is urgent. Evidence from animal and clinical studies links matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs)—especially MMP-9 and MMP-2—to acute blood-brain barrier (BBB) breakdown and worsening neuroinflammation, while also supporting BBB repair, angiogenesis, and neurological recovery in later phases. This review summarizes ICH mechanisms and MMP structure, classification, regulation, and roles in BBB destruction, angiogenesis, and neural repair.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/the-role-of-mmps-in-intracerebral-hemorrhage-review/407782/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/the-role-of-mmps-in-intracerebral-hemorrhage-review/407782.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Chumphorn","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-06","2026-09-28",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":52},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What roles do MMPs play during the acute phase of intracerebral hemorrhage?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"During the acute phase, MMP expression increases, contributing to blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption, which exacerbates neuroinflammation and cerebral edema.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How do MMPs contribute during subacute and chronic phases of ICH?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"In subacute and chronic phases, MMPs are described as crucial for BBB repair, angiogenesis, and neurological recovery.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"Which key features and risk factors characterize intracerebral hemorrhage?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"ICH is defined as stroke due to rupture of brain blood vessels, often with rapid symptom progression. Key risk factors include hypertension, cerebral amyloid angiopathy, trauma, smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, hypocholesterolemia, and substance abuse.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},407782,1790739469,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":52,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145,"preview_page_count":4},2336475401981,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/22000c94efd8d5204d?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1786935347598174694","TYPE Review  \nPUBLISHED 17 December 2025 DOI 10.3389/fcell.2025.1667228  \nOPEN ACCESS  \nEDITED BY  \nHinrich Peter Hansen,  \nUniversity of Cologne, Germany  \nREVIEWED BY  \nRong Pan,  \nStony Brook University, United States Sangeetha Sukumari Ramesh, Augusta University, United States  \n*CORRESPONDENCE  \nWenmin Yu,  \n [6140101@jju.edu.cn](6140101@jju.edu.cn)  \nRECEIVED 18 July 2025  \nREVISED 25 November 2025  \nACCEPTED 26 November 2025  \nPUBLISHED 17 December 2025  \nCITATION  \nGuan X, Li M, Li H, Guo Z, Ullah MS, Liu X, Wu M and Yu W (2025) The role of MMPs in intracerebral hemorrhage.  \nFront. Cell Dev. Biol. 13:1667228 .  \ndoi: 10.3389/fcell.2025.1667228  \nCOPYRIGHT  \n© 2025 Guan, Li, Li, Guo, Ullah, Liu, Wu and Yu. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY) . The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.  \nThe role of MMPs in intracerebral hemorrhage  \nXiaofei Guan 1,2, Meiren Li 3, Huimin Li 2, Zeqin Guo 2, Muhammad Saad Ullah 4, Xiaoqun Liu 5, Moxin Wu 6 and Wenmin Yu 2,7*  \n1School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China, 2The School of Basic Medical Science, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, China, 3Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, China, 4 Faculty of International Studies, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, China, 5 Department of Respiratory and Critical Care, School of Clinical Medicine, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, China, 6 Department of Medical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, China, 7Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Precision Therapy, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, China  \nIntracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is characterized by the disruption of cerebral vascular integrity, leading to hematoma enlargement, edema formation and physical damage to brain tissue. It has an extremely high disability rate and mortality rate, with mortality rates as high as 50%, imposing considerable physical and economic burdens on patients and their families. Therefore, identifying effective therapeutic targets for ICH has become an urgent issue. In recent years, numerous animal and clinical studies have shown that matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), particularly MMP-9 and MMP-2, are closely associated with the pathophysiological processes of ICH. During the acute phase of ICH, MMP expression increases, leading to the disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), exacerbating neuroinflammation and cerebral edema. However, in the subacute and chronic phases, MMPs play a crucial role in BBB repair, angiogenesis, and neurological recovery. Therefore, MMPs hold promise as effective therapeutic targets for ICH. This article provides an overview of ICH, the primary structure, classification, regulation, and role of MMPs in the destruction of the BBB, angiogenesis, and neural repair in ICH.  \nKEYWORDS  \nintracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), blood-brain barrier (BBB), cerebral edema, neuroinflammation  \n1 Overview of ICH and mechanism of neuroinflammation  \nICH is a type of stroke characterized by bleeding due to the rupture of blood vessels within the brain tissue. This condition represents about 10%–20% of all stroke cases and is frequently associated with significant disability or death. ICH is particularly prevalent among specific demographics, including older adults, men, and individuals from low- and middle-income countries, as well as among Asian populations (Xue and Yong, 2020) . ICH is associated with a high mortality rate, exhibiting a 40% mortality rate within the first month and a 54% rate withi","cbCaisyfN3HEeYuA","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaisyfN3HEeYuA","pdf",2184843,14,"English","# Overview of ICH and mechanism of neuroinflammation\n## Neuroinflammation and secondary brain injury after ICH\n# Role of MMPs in ICH","[{\"question\":\"What roles do MMPs play during the acute phase of intracerebral hemorrhage?\",\"answer\":\"During the acute phase, MMP expression increases, contributing to blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption, which exacerbates neuroinflammation and cerebral edema.\"},{\"question\":\"How do MMPs contribute during subacute and chronic phases of ICH?\",\"answer\":\"In subacute and chronic phases, MMPs are described as crucial for BBB repair, angiogenesis, and neurological recovery.\"},{\"question\":\"Which key features and risk factors characterize intracerebral hemorrhage?\",\"answer\":\"ICH is defined as stroke due to rupture of brain blood vessels, often with rapid symptom progression. Key risk factors include hypertension, cerebral amyloid angiopathy, trauma, smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, hypocholesterolemia, and substance abuse.\"}]","The role of MMPs in intracerebral hemorrhage - Review | PDF",1790575921,35]