[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-378625-105":59,"doc-detail-378625-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","the-role-of-ketogenic-diet-in-the-treatment-of-neuroblastoma-integrative-cancer-therapies-volume-22-abstract","The Role of Ketogenic Diet in the Treatment of Neuroblastoma - Integrative Cancer Therapies Volume 22 - Abstract","","The ketogenic diet (KD), first applied in 1920 for drug-resistant epilepsy, has since become a key focus in nutritional therapy research and shows therapeutic promise across multiple conditions. KD is used as an adjuvant in some diseases, yet its anticancer value remains debated, particularly for neuroblastoma. Neuroblastoma is the most common extra-cranial solid tumor in children and is metastatic at diagnosis in over half of cases. Although multimodal treatment exists, the 5-year survival rate stays below 40%.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/the-role-of-ketogenic-diet-in-the-treatment-of-neuroblastoma-integrative-cancer-therapies-volume-22-abstract/378625/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/the-role-of-ketogenic-diet-in-the-treatment-of-neuroblastoma-integrative-cancer-therapies-volume-22-abstract/378625.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"anakgang17","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-31","2026-09-24",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":39},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What is the main question of the study regarding ketogenic diet and neuroblastoma?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"The study reviews the possible roles of the ketogenic diet in neuroblastoma treatment, reflecting that its antitumor effectiveness is still under debate.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"Why is neuroblastoma considered difficult to treat in children?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Neuroblastoma is often metastatic at initial presentation, and despite surgery, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and radiotherapy, the 5-year survival rate remains below 40%.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"How do staging systems and risk groups affect treatment approaches?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Patients are classified using INSS or INRG and grouped into low-, intermediate-, and high-risk categories, with high-risk cases requiring very aggressive treatment due to lower survival probabilities.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},378625,1790369866,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":39,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":41},962090883568,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_a8503ba1806abce46bf441b54a3ca4cd","The Role of Ketogenic Diet in the Treatment of Neuroblastoma  \nIntegrative Cancer Therapies Volume 22: 1–12  \n© The Author(s) 2023  \nArticle reuse guidelines: [sagepub.com/journals-permissions](sagepub.com/journals-permissions)[ ](sagepub.com/journals-permissions)[DOI: 10.1177/15347354221150787](DOI: 10.1177/15347354221150787)[ ](DOI: 10.1177/15347354221150787)[journals.sagepub.com/home/ict](journals.sagepub.com/home/ict)  \nRangarirai Makuku, MD 1,2, Zeinab Sinaei Far, MD 1,3, Neda Khalili, MD 1,3, Alistar Moyo, MD2, Sepideh Razi, MD 1,3, Mahsa Keshavarz-Fathi, MD 1,3, Maryam Mahmoudi, MD, PhD 1, and Nima Rezaei, MD, PhD 1,4  \nAbstract  \nThe ketogenic diet (KD) was initially used in 1920 for drug-resistant epileptic patients. From this point onward, ketogenic diets became a pivotal part of nutritional therapy research. To date, KD has shown therapeutic potential in many pathologies such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, autism, brain cancers, and multiple sclerosis. Although KD is now an adjuvant therapy for certain diseases, its effectiveness as an antitumor nutritional therapy is still an ongoing debate, especially in Neuroblastoma. Neuroblastoma is the most common extra-cranial solid tumor in children and is metastatic at initial presentation in more than half of the cases. Although Neuroblastoma can be managed by surgery, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and radiotherapy, its 5-year survival rate in children remains below 40%. Earlier studies have proposed the ketogenic diet as a possible adjuvant therapy for patients undergoing treatment for Neuroblastoma. In this study, we seek to review the possible roles of KD in the treatment of Neuroblastoma.  \nKeywords  \nNeuroblastoma, ketogenic diet, childhood malignancies, Warburg Effect, adjuvant therapy, nutritional therapy Submitted June 27, 2022; revised December 15, 2022; accepted December 27, 2022  \nBackground  \nNeuroblastoma (NB) is the most commonly occurring extra-cranial solid tumor in childhood.1 It is responsible for approximately 6% to 10% of childhood malignancies in children under 15 and 15% of pediatric cancer deaths.2-4 Neuroblastoma has an average age of diagnosis of 19 months and is rarely diagnosed in patients older than 19 years.5 The likelihood of NB metastasis at the time of presentation is as high as 50% .6 NB tumor cells originate from primordial neural crest cells and sympathetic cells.7 NB tumors develop in the fetal or postnatal life; 70% appear in the abdomen, 40% arise in the adrenal medulla, and 25% in the sympathetic ganglia and other sites.8,9  \nThere are 2 staging systems for this disease: International Neuroblastoma Staging System (INSS) and International Neuroblastoma Risk Group (INRG) . INSS classifies patients based on surgical resection findings while INRG classifies based on imaging features of the tumor before treatment.10 Patients with NB are divided into 3 risk groups: low-, intermediate-, and high-risk. The high-risk patients compromise 50% of all new cases, for which very aggressive treatments should be performed.5 Based on the stage of  \nthe disease, patient age, genetic abnormalities, tumor biology, risk group, and histological classifications, different treatments can be used either alone or in combination with each other, including surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, autologous stem cell transplantation, immunotherapy, and novel targeted therapies. Despite the availability of these treatments, the chance of survival for children with highrisk NB is less than 50%; however, this number reaches 90% in patients with intermediate/low-risk NB.8,11-17 African-American and Native American patients are at a  \n1 Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran  \n2Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Harare, Zimbabwe  \n3Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran  \n4Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Stockholm, Sweden  \nCorresponding Author:  \nNima Rezae","cbCaigeE72sTMyxb","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaigeE72sTMyxb","pdf",480984,12,"English","# Abstract\n## Background\n## Staging and risk groups\n## Treatment options and outcomes\n## Metabolic rationale and Warburg effect","[{\"question\":\"What is the main question of the study regarding ketogenic diet and neuroblastoma?\",\"answer\":\"The study reviews the possible roles of the ketogenic diet in neuroblastoma treatment, reflecting that its antitumor effectiveness is still under debate.\"},{\"question\":\"Why is neuroblastoma considered difficult to treat in children?\",\"answer\":\"Neuroblastoma is often metastatic at initial presentation, and despite surgery, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and radiotherapy, the 5-year survival rate remains below 40%.\"},{\"question\":\"How do staging systems and risk groups affect treatment approaches?\",\"answer\":\"Patients are classified using INSS or INRG and grouped into low-, intermediate-, and high-risk categories, with high-risk cases requiring very aggressive treatment due to lower survival probabilities.\"}]","The Role of Ketogenic Diet in the Treatment of Neuroblastoma - Integrative Cancer Therapies Volume 22 - Abstract | PDF",1790231557]