[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-seo-330284-105":3,"doc-detail-330284-en":81,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":99},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"ok",{"site_id":7,"language":8,"slug":9,"title":10,"keywords":11,"description":12,"schema_data":13,"social_meta":74,"head_meta":76,"extra_data":78,"updated_unix":80},105,"en","the-role-of-gapdh-in-the-selective-toxicity-of-cnp-in-melanoma-cells","The role of GAPDH in the selective toxicity of CNP in melanoma cells","","Malignant melanoma is a highly aggressive skin cancer with poor prognosis, and standard chemotherapy often damages healthy cells, limiting tolerability. The study investigates how cerium oxide nanoparticles (CNP, nanoceria) selectively kill A375 melanoma cells without cytotoxicity to non-cancerous cells at matching concentrations. Prior work suggested CNP-triggered mitochondrial dysfunction via reactive oxygen species, but not complete toxicity. Here, CNP-mediated effects on glucose metabolism focus on the Warburg-associated glycolytic dependence, examining GAPDH activity regulation.",{"@graph":14,"@context":73},[15,34,56],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/","Healthcare",3,{"item":32,"name":10,"@type":21,"position":33},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/the-role-of-gapdh-in-the-selective-toxicity-of-cnp-in-melanoma-cells/330284/",4,{"url":32,"name":10,"@type":35,"image":36,"author":41,"headline":10,"publisher":44,"fileFormat":47,"inLanguage":8,"description":12,"dateModified":48,"datePublished":49,"encodingFormat":47,"isAccessibleForFree":50,"interactionStatistic":51},"DigitalDocument",{"url":37,"@type":38,"width":39,"height":40},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/the-role-of-gapdh-in-the-selective-toxicity-of-cnp-in-melanoma-cells/330284.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":42,"@type":43},"Finn","Person",{"url":19,"name":45,"@type":46},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-25","2026-09-21",true,{"@type":52,"interactionType":53,"userInteractionCount":55},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":54},"ViewAction",12,{"@type":57,"mainEntity":58},"FAQPage",[59,65,69],{"name":60,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":62},"What problem does the study address in melanoma treatment?","Question",{"text":63,"@type":64},"The study addresses the limited tolerability of standard chemotherapy due to severe side effects on healthy cells, motivating alternative approaches with improved selectivity.","Answer",{"name":66,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":67},"How did the researchers connect CNP to glycolysis and GAPDH?",{"text":68,"@type":64},"Because cancer cells often show increased glycolytic activity (Warburg effect), the work investigates CNP-driven changes in glucose metabolism, emphasizing the role of GAPDH as a glycolytic key enzyme whose activity is regulated by redox processes.",{"name":70,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":71},"What key conclusion does the paper reach about GAPDH?",{"text":72,"@type":64},"The authors identify glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) as a target protein for CNP-mediated thiol oxidation, supporting GAPDH’s importance in cancer cell susceptibility.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":32,"og:type":75,"og:title":10,"og:site_name":45,"og:description":12},"article",{"robots":77,"canonical":32},"index,follow",{"doc_id":79,"site_id":7},330284,1790106035,{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":83},"success",{"doc_id":79,"user_id":84,"nickname":42,"user_avatar":85,"doc_module":4,"category_id":86,"category_name":29,"doc_title":10,"doc_description":12,"doc_content":87,"file_id":88,"file_url":89,"file_type":90,"file_size":91,"view_count":55,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":22,"is_downloadable":22,"audit_status":22,"page_count":92,"language":93,"language_code":8,"site_id":7,"html_lang":8,"table_of_contents":94,"faqs":95,"seo_title":96,"seo_description":12,"update_tm":97,"read_time":98},34359740700684,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/1f400023980c374ae676?_k=1777273430885731487",7,"PLOS ONE  \nOPEN ACCESS  \nCitation: von Montfort C, Aplak E, Ebbert L, Wenzel C-K, Klahm NP, Stahl W, et al. (2024) The role of GAPDH in the selective toxicity of CNP in melanoma cells. PLoS ONE 19(3): e0300718 .  \n[https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0300718](https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0300718)  \n[Editor:](Editor: Suzie Chen)[ Suzie Chen](Editor: Suzie Chen), Rutgers University, UNITED STATES  \nReceived: June 30, 2023  \nAccepted: March 1, 2024  \nPublished: March 21, 2024  \nCopyright: © 2024 von Montfort et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.  \nData Availability Statement: The data will be held in a public repository.  \nFunding: P. B. grant BR1551/7-1 DFG—Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft ([https://www.dfg.de/](https://www.dfg.de/)). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.  \nCompeting interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.  \nRESEARCH ARTICLE  \nThe role of GAPDH in the selective toxicity of CNP in melanoma cells  \nClaudia von Montfort *, Elif Aplak, Lara Ebbert, Chantal-Kristin Wenzel, Niklas  \nP. Klahm, Wilhelm Stahl, Peter Brenneisen  \nInstitute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, Du¨sseldorf, Germany  \n* [cvmontfort@gmail.com](cvmontfort@gmail.com)  \nAbstract  \nBackground  \nMalignant melanoma is the most aggressive form of skin cancer with a rather poor prognosis. Standard chemotherapy often results in severe side effects on normal (healthy) cells finally being difficult to tolerate for the patients. Shown by us earlier, cerium oxide nanoparticles (CNP, nanoceria) selectively killed A375 melanoma cells while not being cytotoxic at identical concentrations on non-cancerous cells. In conclusion, the redox-active CNP exhibited both prooxidative as well as antioxidative properties. In that context, CNP induced mitochondrial dysfunction in the studied melanoma cells via generation of reactive oxygene species (primarily hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)), but that does not account for 100% of the toxicity.  \nAim  \nCancer cells often show an increased glycolytic rate (Warburg effect), therefore we focused on CNP mediated changes of the glucose metabolism.  \nResults  \nIt has been shown before that glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) activity is regulated via oxidation of a cysteine in the active center of the enzyme with a subsequent loss of activity. Upon CNP treatment, formation of cellular lactate and GAPDH activity were significantly lowered. The treatment of melanoma cells and melanocytes with the GAPDH inhibitor heptelidic acid (HA) decreased viability to a much higher extent in the cancer cells than in the studied normal (healthy) cells, highlighting and supporting the important role of GAPDH in cancer cells.  \nConclusion  \nWe identified glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) as a target protein for CNP mediated thiol oxidation.  \n1. Introduction  \nMalignant melanoma is based on genetic and epigenetic changes in melanocytes, being the pigment-producing cells of the skin [ 1] . The incidence of melanoma increased over the past decades, and it is now one ofthe most common cancers in young adults [2] . Malignant melanoma is still associated with a poor prognosis and a high mortality. As the standard chemotherapeutical therapy such as chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy has a lot of adverse effects, research on alternative therapies is highly needed.  \nRecently, nanoparticles were applied for various biomedical applications, including drug delivery, imaging, and cancer therapy [3] . Especially in context of cancer therapy, cerium oxide nanoparticles (CNP) are promising as their mixed valance state ofCe3+ and Ce4+ allows them to modulate the ","cbCaip7Fa8P293jY","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaip7Fa8P293jY","pdf",1246859,14,"English","# Abstract\n## Background\n## Aim\n## Results\n## Conclusion\n# Introduction","[{\"question\":\"What problem does the study address in melanoma treatment?\",\"answer\":\"The study addresses the limited tolerability of standard chemotherapy due to severe side effects on healthy cells, motivating alternative approaches with improved selectivity.\"},{\"question\":\"How did the researchers connect CNP to glycolysis and GAPDH?\",\"answer\":\"Because cancer cells often show increased glycolytic activity (Warburg effect), the work investigates CNP-driven changes in glucose metabolism, emphasizing the role of GAPDH as a glycolytic key enzyme whose activity is regulated by redox processes.\"},{\"question\":\"What key conclusion does the paper reach about GAPDH?\",\"answer\":\"The authors identify glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) as a target protein for CNP-mediated thiol oxidation, supporting GAPDH’s importance in cancer cell susceptibility.\"}]","The role of GAPDH in the selective toxicity of CNP in melanoma cells | PDF",1789987988,35,{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":100},[101,105,109,113,118,123,126,131,136,139,143],{"id":22,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":102,"show_sort_weight":103,"slug":104},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":26,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":106,"show_sort_weight":107,"slug":108},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":33,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":110,"show_sort_weight":111,"slug":112},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":114,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":115,"show_sort_weight":116,"slug":117},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":119,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":120,"show_sort_weight":121,"slug":122},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":86,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":29,"show_sort_weight":124,"slug":125},40,"healthcare",{"id":127,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":128,"show_sort_weight":129,"slug":130},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":132,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":133,"show_sort_weight":134,"slug":135},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":134,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":137,"show_sort_weight":134,"slug":138},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":140,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":141,"show_sort_weight":140,"slug":142},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":144,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":145,"show_sort_weight":114,"slug":146},19,"General","general"]