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As the principal catalytic member, ADAR1 governs most A-to-I editing events, making its editing-dependent and editing-independent roles crucial for clarifying cancer mechanisms and enabling novel therapeutic strategies. This review outlines recent progress in A-to-I editing and ADARs in cancer, emphasizes ADAR1’s dual functions, and summarizes regulators shaping ADAR1 expression and editing activity.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/the-role-of-adar1-through-and-beyond-its-editing-activity-in-cancer-review/342413/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/the-role-of-adar1-through-and-beyond-its-editing-activity-in-cancer-review/342413.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Logic","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-09-23","2026-09-22",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":8},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What is A-to-I RNA editing and why is it important in cancer?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"A-to-I RNA editing converts adenosine to inosine in double-stranded RNA, and inosine is read as guanosine. 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Cell Communication and Signaling (2024) 22:42  \n[https://doi.org/10.1186/s12964-023-01465-x](https://doi.org/10.1186/s12964-023-01465-x)  \nCell Communication and Signaling  \n REVIEW Open Access  \nThe role ofADAR1 through and beyond its editing activity in cancer  \nYue Jiao1, Yuqin Xu1, Chengbin Liu1, Rui Miao1, Chunyan Liu1, Yilong Wang1 and Jiao Liu1*  \nAbstract  \nAdenosine-to-inosine (A-to-I) editing of RNA, catalyzed by adenosine deaminase acting on RNA (ADAR) enzymes, is a prevalent RNA modification in mammals. It has been shown that A-to-I editing plays a critical role in multiple diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, neurological disorder, and particularly cancer. ADARs are the family of enzymes, including ADAR1, ADAR2, and ADAR3, that catalyze the occurrence of A-to-I editing. Notably, A-to-I editing is mainly catalyzed by ADAR1 . Given the significance of A-to-I editing in disease development, it is important to unravel the complex roles of ADAR1 in cancer for the development of novel therapeutic interventions.  \nIn this review, we briefly describe the progress of research on A-to-I editing and ADARs in cancer, mainly focusing on the role ofADAR1 in cancer from both editing-dependent and independent perspectives. In addition, we also summarized the factors affecting the expression and editing activity of ADAR1 in cancer.  \nKeywords ADAR1, RNA editing, RNA editing-independent, Cancer, Cancer therapy  \nBackground  \nAdenosine-to-inosine (A-to-I) RNA editing is a biological process that converts adenosine to inosine in doublestranded RNA (dsRNA) molecules. Inosine is recognized by the cell as guanosine and paired with cytosine. Therefore, the base conversion may affect the amino acid sequence of the protein. ADARs, a family of enzymes, acton double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) to catalyze this conversion. Among them, ADAR1 has been extensively studied in cancer, while ADAR2 and ADAR3 have received less attention, and ADAR3 has a total lack of activity [1]. ADAR1 is widely expressed throughout mammalian tissues and has been shown to modify substrates within both nuclear and cytoplasmic compartments [2]. Exploring the biological mechanisms of ADAR1 in cancer may  \n*Correspondence: Jiao Liu [liujiao@wfmc.edu.cn](liujiao@wfmc.edu.cn)  \n1 School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China  \nprovide important implications for clinical diagnosis and treatment.  \nIn this review, we first provide information on the characters of ADAR1, and then we describe the roles that ADAR1 can promote or suppress cancer in RNA editingdependent and independent manners. Finally, we summarize the modulation of the level and editing activity of ADAR1 by multiple factors.  \nA‑to‑I RNA editing  \nDeamination of adenosine-to-inosine (A-to-I) is a widespread post-transcriptional modification of RNA and is catalyzed by Adenosine deaminase acting on RNA (ADAR) enzymes in dsRNA [3]. As early as 2004, it was reported that ADAR1 plays an important role in embryonic development by editing dsRNA to keep embryos alive and prevent stress-induced apoptosis [4]. A large number of A-to-I editing sites exist in the human genome which lays the foundation for transcriptome diversity and most editing occurs in the Alus sequence [5, 6]. With the development of high-throughput sequencing analysis, RNA editing has been seen in many diseases, especially  \n© The Author(s) 2024. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in ","cbCaioOEgyJure52","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaioOEgyJure52","pdf",1272275,13,"English","# Abstract\n# Background\n# A-to-I RNA editing\n## Tools to study A-to-I editing and ADAR activity","[{\"question\":\"What is A-to-I RNA editing and why is it important in cancer?\",\"answer\":\"A-to-I RNA editing converts adenosine to inosine in double-stranded RNA, and inosine is read as guanosine. This process is significantly altered across many cancer types and is associated with patient survival and drug sensitivity.\"},{\"question\":\"Which ADAR enzyme mainly catalyzes A-to-I editing?\",\"answer\":\"A-to-I editing is mainly catalyzed by ADAR1, while ADAR2 receives less attention and ADAR3 has little or no activity.\"},{\"question\":\"What does the review focus on regarding ADAR1?\",\"answer\":\"The review emphasizes ADAR1’s roles in cancer from both editing-dependent and editing-independent perspectives, and summarizes factors that modulate ADAR1 expression level and editing activity.\"}]","The role of ADAR1 through and beyond its editing activity in cancer - Review | PDF",1790046498,33]