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This narrative review synthesizes available literature on cancer risk in CKD populations, examining links among CKD, organ transplantation, and specific solid tumors including kidney, thyroid, lung, breast, bladder, gastric, and prostate cancers, while highlighting areas needing further mechanistic study.",{"@graph":69,"@context":123},[70,84,106],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/the-risk-of-solid-organ-tumors-in-patients-with-chronic-kidney-disease-a-narrative-review-of-literature/333548/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/the-risk-of-solid-organ-tumors-in-patients-with-chronic-kidney-disease-a-narrative-review-of-literature/333548.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Maeve","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-15","2026-09-21",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":105},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",11,{"@type":107,"mainEntity":108},"FAQPage",[109,115,119],{"name":110,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":112},"What is the main purpose of the narrative review?","Question",{"text":113,"@type":114},"To present available literature on the risk of solid cancer development in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patient populations and clarify associations involving CKD and organ transplantation.","Answer",{"name":116,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":117},"Which specific solid organ tumors are discussed in relation to CKD?",{"text":118,"@type":114},"The review examines associations with kidney, thyroid, lung, breast, bladder, gastric, and prostate cancers.",{"name":120,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":121},"What do prior reports suggest about cancer risk in CKD and transplant recipients?",{"text":122,"@type":114},"Prior reports indicate increased risk for certain solid cancers such as kidney, lung, and bladder, and possibly breast cancer, while thyroid, gastric, and prostate cancers show unclear associations.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":125,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":127,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":129,"site_id":62},333548,1790143458,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":132},{"doc_id":129,"user_id":133,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":105,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":39,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":46,"preview_page_count":4},5909877438554,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/5600025385ad2bf12a7?_k=1778553567797529272","Heliyon 10 (2024) e32822  \nContents lists available at ScienceDirect  \nHeliyon  \njournal [homepage:](homepage: www.cell.com/heliyon)[ www.cell.com/heliyon](homepage: www.cell.com/heliyon)  \n| Research article\u003Cbr>The risk of solid organ tumors in patients with chronic kidney disease: A narrative review of literature\u003Cbr>Ahmad R. Al-Qudimata, * , Saif B. Altahtamoun a , Fatma Kilica, b, c , Raed M. Al-Zoubia, b, c , Mazhar Salim Al Zoubid\u003Cbr>a Surgical Research Section, Department of Surgery, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar\u003Cbr>b Department of Biomedical Sciences, QU-Health, College of Health Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, 2713, Qatar c Department of Chemistry, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P.O.Box 3030, Irbid, 22110, Jordan d Faculty of Medicine, Yarmouk University, P.O Box 566, 21163, Irbid, Jordan |  |  |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| A R T I C L E I N F O |  | A B S T R A C T |\n| Keywords: Solid cancers\u003Cbr>Solid tumors CKD\u003Cbr>Kidney transplants |  | Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has been correlated with certain pathological conditions such as cardiovascular diseases and other renal-related dysfunctions. Some other reports suggested an association between CKD and the development of certain solid cancers. Therefore, we aimed to generate this narrative review to present the available literature on the risk of solid cancer development in CKD patient populations. We explored the associations between CKD, organ transplantation, and the development of specific solid organ tumors such as kidney, thyroid, lung, breast, bladder, gastric, and prostate cancers. In conclusion, the previous reports showed an increase in the risk of certain solid cancers such as kidney, lung, bladder, and possibly breast cancer in CKD patients and transplant recipients. On the other hand, thyroid, gastric, and prostate cancers showed unclear association with CKD. Despite the suggested impact of smoking and immunosuppression on the development of cancers in CKD patients, more studies are needed to elucidate the mechanism and the risk factors that might be related to the development of cancer in CKD patients. |\n\n1. Introduction  \nChronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a widespread chronic condition that affects people all around the world, and its occurrence is increasing in various countries. In the US, the prevalence of CKD rose from 10 % to 13 % between the 1990s and 2004 [1,2]. Several reports confirmed a strong association between the decline in renal function and the Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) with both cardiovascular diseases and a range of non-cardiac causes of mortality [3,4]. Furthermore, individuals diagnosed with CKD exhibit a higher prevalence of cancer compared to those who do not have the condition [5]. Kidney transplant recipients face a potential risk of developing cancer, with incidence rates varying between 1.9 % and 18 %[6]. The increased susceptibility to malignancy in transplant patients is attributed to immunosuppression, which is considered one of the contributing factors [7]. Despite significant advancementsin transplantation techniques and immunosuppressive therapy, the incidence of malignancy remains a notable contributor to morbidity and mortality in transplant patients [8].  \n* Corresponding author.  \nE-mail addresses: [aalqudimat@hamad.qa](aalqudimat@hamad.qa) (A.R. Al-Qudimat), [bisansaif95@gmail.qa](bisansaif95@gmail.qa) (S.B. Altahtamoun), [f.kilic@theviewhospital.com](f.kilic@theviewhospital.com) (F. Kilic), [ralzoubi@hamad.qa](ralzoubi@hamad.qa) (R.M. Al-Zoubi), [mszoubi@yu.edu.jo](mszoubi@yu.edu.jo) (M.S. Al Zoubi).  \n[https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32822](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32822)  \nReceived 4 February 2024; Received in revised form 2 June 2024; Accepted 10 June 2024 Available online 24 June 2024  \n2405-8440/© 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license ([http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/](http://creati","cbCaijaJnpWUjFWZ","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaijaJnpWUjFWZ","pdf",434359,"English","# Introduction\n# Methodology","[{\"question\":\"What is the main purpose of the narrative review?\",\"answer\":\"To present available literature on the risk of solid cancer development in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patient populations and clarify associations involving CKD and organ transplantation.\"},{\"question\":\"Which specific solid organ tumors are discussed in relation to CKD?\",\"answer\":\"The review examines associations with kidney, thyroid, lung, breast, bladder, gastric, and prostate cancers.\"},{\"question\":\"What do prior reports suggest about cancer risk in CKD and transplant recipients?\",\"answer\":\"Prior reports indicate increased risk for certain solid cancers such as kidney, lung, and bladder, and possibly breast cancer, while thyroid, gastric, and prostate cancers show unclear associations.\"}]","The risk of solid organ tumors in patients with chronic kidney disease: A narrative review of literature | PDF",1790002944]