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The notes emphasize resistance to reforming the church’s Catholic elements, the limited concessions that followed, and the legal significance of the Petition of Right in 1628. The narrative culminates in the English Civil War, the execution of Charles I, and the Commonwealth under Cromwell, including attempts to build a Puritan society through bans and selective religious toleration.",{"@graph":69,"@context":121},[70,84,104],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/the-rise-of-parliamentary-democracy-in-england-section-09/613278/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":98,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":99,"interactionStatistic":100},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/the-rise-of-parliamentary-democracy-in-england-section-09/613278.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Aditya","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-19",true,{"@type":101,"interactionType":102,"userInteractionCount":4},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":103},"ViewAction",{"@type":105,"mainEntity":106},"FAQPage",[107,113,117],{"name":108,"@type":109,"acceptedAnswer":110},"What were the main issues James I faced with Parliament?","Question",{"text":111,"@type":112},"James I inherited the throne in 1603 and later ran into problems with Parliament over money and religion.","Answer",{"name":114,"@type":109,"acceptedAnswer":115},"Why was the Petition of Right (1628) important?",{"text":116,"@type":112},"Parliament required Charles I to sign it in exchange for funding, and it guaranteed basic liberties such as limits on taxation, protections against martial law in peacetime, habeas corpus, and restrictions on soldiers being quartered in private homes.",{"name":118,"@type":109,"acceptedAnswer":119},"How did the English Civil War and Commonwealth change England’s political direction?",{"text":120,"@type":112},"The war pitted Royalists against Parliament supporters led by Oliver Cromwell. Charles I was taken prisoner and executed in 1649, and the Commonwealth period followed until 1660, when Stuarts were out of power and Cromwell established a republican government before becoming a dictator.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":123,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":125,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":127,"site_id":62},613278,1792385092,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":130},{"doc_id":127,"user_id":131,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":132,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":133,"file_id":134,"file_url":135,"file_type":136,"file_size":137,"view_count":4,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":138,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":128,"read_time":143},962085564549,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_085a072bc5b1113ac321206ff7593b45","The Rise of Parliamentary Democracy in England  \n© Student Handouts, Inc.  \n[www.studenthandouts.com](www.studenthandouts.com)  \nJames I  \n• James Stuart (James VI of Scotland) inherited the English throne from his cousin, Elizabeth I, in 1603  \n– Elizabeth I died without producing an heir  \n– James VI of Scotland became James I of England  \n• Problems with Parliament  \n– Fought over money  \n– Fought over religion  \n• Refused to make reforms to “purify” the English church of Catholic practices  \n• All he agreed to was a new translation of the Bible (the “King James Version”)  \nCharles I  \n• Charles I inherited the throne from his father in 1625  \n– Fought with Parliament over money  \n• Needed funding for wars with France and Spain  \n– Dissolved Parliament whenever he couldn’t get his way  \n• 1628 – recalled Parliament  \n• In exchange for money, Charles I had to sign the Petition of Right  \n• He signed it, then ignored it  \nPetition of Right (1628)  \n• Parliament had Charles I sign it in exchange for funding  \n• Petition of Right guaranteed basic liberties  \n– Only Parliament could levy taxes  \n– No martial law during peacetime  \n– Habeas corpus – prisoners could not be held indefinitely without trial; they had the right to go before a judge and hear charges  \n– Soldiers could not be quartered (billeted) in private homes  \n• Charles I signed it, then ignored it  \n– Attempted to rule as an absolute monarch  \n– 1629 – Charles I dissolved Parliament  \n• Set up fines and fees on the people  \n• Increasingly unpopular  \nReligious Problems  \n• Protestants wanted to get rid of what they saw as Catholic elements in the Church of England  \n• Charles I wanted to keep the Anglican (English) church as it was  \n– Wanted to make the religion universal throughout England and Scotland  \n• Introduced an Anglican prayer book to Scottish Presbyterians  \n• Scots rebelled and threatened an invasion of England  \n• Charles I had to recall Parliament yet again for funds for the defense of England  \nParliament Again in Session  \n• Fall, 1641 – Parliament attempted to limit royal power  \n• January, 1642 – Charles I tried to arrest the leaders of Parliament, but they got away  \n• Mob gathered outside of the palace  \n• Charles I fled to the north of England and raised an army  \nEnglish Civil War (1642-1651)  \n• Charles I’s supporters – Royalists (a.k.a. Cavaliers)  \n• Parliament’s supporters – Puritans (a.k.a. Roundheads or Parliamentarians)  \n– Led by Oliver Cromwell and his New Model Army  \n• 1647 – took Charles I prisoner  \n• 1649 – Charles I brought to trial and executed (beheaded) for treason against Parliament  \n– Dramatic challenge to concept of absolute monarchy  \n– Monarch was not “the state” because he/she was subject to the laws of the state  \n• Civil war (a.k.a. Puritan Revolution) was actually several separate civil wars  \n– But all fought for essentially the same reasons, and by almost the same groups  \n– Charles II (son of Charles I) defeated by Oliver Cromwell’s New Model Army  \n• Lived in exile in Europe until 1660  \nCommonwealth (1649-1660)  \n• Historians give different dates for this period  \n– Civil war (a.k.a. Puritan Revolution) waged (especially during the early years), with different groups struggling for control of Parliament  \n– 1649-1660 – period during which the Stuarts were out of power in England  \n• Parliament was dismissed  \n• Cromwell established a republican government with a constitution written by John Lambert  \n– But Cromwell ripped up the constitution  \n• Cromwell became a dictator  \nCromwell and the Puritan  \nRevolution  \n• Tried to create a Puritan society in England  \n– Attempted to “purify” it by banning “sinful” activities  \n–“Sinful” activities included dancing, sports, and theater  \n• Some religious toleration  \n– Christians  \n• Protestants were tolerated  \n• Catholics were not tolerated  \n– Jews  \n• Had been expelled in 1290  \n• Cromwell let them back into England","cbCaiooZuz7IXOAt","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiooZuz7IXOAt","pdf",1214098,21,"English","# The Rise of Parliamentary Democracy in England\n## James I: Inheritance and Parliamentary Conflicts\n## Charles I: Tax Funding, Petition of Right, and Dissolution\n## Petition of Right (1628) and Guaranteed Liberties\n## Religious Problems and Parliament Recall\n## Parliament in Session (1641-1642)\n## English Civil War (1642-1651)\n## Commonwealth (1649-1660) and Cromwell’s Rule\n## Cromwell and the Puritan Revolution","[{\"question\":\"What were the main issues James I faced with Parliament?\",\"answer\":\"James I inherited the throne in 1603 and later ran into problems with Parliament over money and religion.\"},{\"question\":\"Why was the Petition of Right (1628) important?\",\"answer\":\"Parliament required Charles I to sign it in exchange for funding, and it guaranteed basic liberties such as limits on taxation, protections against martial law in peacetime, habeas corpus, and restrictions on soldiers being quartered in private homes.\"},{\"question\":\"How did the English Civil War and Commonwealth change England’s political direction?\",\"answer\":\"The war pitted Royalists against Parliament supporters led by Oliver Cromwell. Charles I was taken prisoner and executed in 1649, and the Commonwealth period followed until 1660, when Stuarts were out of power and Cromwell established a republican government before becoming a dictator.\"}]","The Rise of Parliamentary Democracy in England - Section - 09 | PDF",53]