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They also describe the Second Jewish Revolt (Bar Kokhba Revolt, 132–136 CE), including defeat, forced departure from Jerusalem, and links to the start of the Jewish Diaspora.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":32,"og:type":75,"og:title":10,"og:site_name":45,"og:description":12},"article",{"robots":77,"canonical":32},"index,follow",{"doc_id":79,"site_id":7},613269,1792493801,{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":83},"success",[84,88,92,95,100,105,110,115,120,123,126],{"id":22,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":85,"show_sort_weight":86,"slug":87},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":26,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":89,"show_sort_weight":90,"slug":91},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":33,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":29,"show_sort_weight":93,"slug":94},70,"exam",{"id":96,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":97,"show_sort_weight":98,"slug":99},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":101,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":102,"show_sort_weight":103,"slug":104},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":106,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":107,"show_sort_weight":108,"slug":109},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":111,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":112,"show_sort_weight":113,"slug":114},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":116,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":117,"show_sort_weight":118,"slug":119},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":118,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":121,"show_sort_weight":118,"slug":122},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":55,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":124,"show_sort_weight":55,"slug":125},"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":127,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":128,"show_sort_weight":96,"slug":129},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":131},{"doc_id":79,"user_id":132,"nickname":42,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":33,"category_name":29,"doc_title":10,"doc_description":12,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":55,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":22,"is_downloadable":22,"audit_status":22,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":8,"site_id":7,"html_lang":8,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":12,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145,"preview_page_count":4},962085564381,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_6f874abed73319feea01a86fa6f0fab8","Slide 1  \nSlide 2  \nSlide 3  \nThe Rise and Fall of the Roman Empire  \n© Student Handouts, Inc . [www.studenthandouts.com](www.studenthandouts.com)  \nWhat was the Roman Empire?  \n• There were two periods of Roman government.  \n– Roman Republic  \n• 509 BCE-30 BCE  \n– Roman Empire  \n• 30 BCE-476 CE  \n• Rome technically had an “empire” under the Roman Republic.  \n– But the term “Roman Empire” refers to the time period, beginning with Augustus, when Rome was ruled by emperors.  \nSlide 4  \nSlide 5  \nSlide 6  \nOctavian Becomes Augustus  \n• Octavian was sole ruler of Rome after his forces defeated Antony and Cleopatra at the Battle of Actium  \n• The Senate gave him the name “Augustus,” meaning“most high”  \n• 23 BCE ‟ Octavian, now referred to as Augustus, was made consul for life by the Senate  \n– Also made “Princeps,” meaning “first citizen”  \n• Origin of the word “prince”  \n– Also made “Imperator,” meaning “successful general”  \n• Origin of the word “emperor”  \n– Also made “Pontifex Maximus,” or “chief religious leader  \n• Origin of the word “pontiff” (used to describe the pope today)  \n– Also made a tribune  \n– He had the power to call the Senate, veto the Senate’s laws, and make laws himself  \nPrimus inter pares  \n• “First among equals”  \n• Augustus and later emperors tried to maintain the façade that they were elected officials rather than dictators  \n• Being “first among equals” gave the illusion that an emperor was the most prestigious and important member of the Roman Senate, but that each senator was simultaneously equally important  \n• In reality, the Roman emperors ruled with little input from anyone else  \nSlide 7  \nSlide 8  \nSlide 9  \nPax Romana – Roman Peace  \n• Rome controlled the entire Mediterranean region and beyond  \n– Complete control = almost no warfare  \n• This peace lasted nearly 200 years  \n• More and more provincials were granted official Roman citizenship  \nRoman Emperors after Augustus  \n• Great variety in the quality of those emperors who succeeded Augustus  \n• The office of emperor was initially designed to be hereditary  \n– But from the start, there was confusion as to which family member would inherit the throne  \n– Some emperors proved to be cutthroats, or insane, or both  \n– The military came to play an enormous role in selecting who would become emperor  \nTiberius (14-37 CE)  \n• Stepson of Augustus  \n• Abolished the Assembly  \n• Capable general who extended the frontier in the north  \n• Strengthened the empire  \n• Appeared to dislike ruling, and gradually retired to the island of Capri  \nSlide 10  \nSlide 11  \nSlide 12  \nCaligula (37 CE-41 CE)  \n• Son of famed military leader Germanicus , the nephew and adopted son of Tiberius  \n• Earned his name “Caligula,” meaning “little boots,” by the Roman army as a child (he was dressed like a soldier)  \n• Two years of good, effective rule, interrupted by a severe illness, and followed by two years of horrible rule  \n• Members of family and perceived enemies  \n– Exiled some, killed some, and forced others to commit suicide  \n• Assassinated in 41 CE by members of the Praetorian Guard  \nClaudius (41-54 CE)  \n• Brought southern Britannia (what later became Great Britain) under Roman control, as well as several kingdoms in the East  \n• Opened the Senate up to provincials  \n• Became emperor because he was the last adult male of his family (brother of Germanicus and uncle of Caligula)  \n• Conducted a census of the empire in 48 CE  \n– 5,984,072 Roman citizens  \nNero (54-68 CE)  \n• Considered a tyrant  \n• Came to power after his mother allegedly poisoned his predecessor, Claudius  \n• Murdered his mother, his stepbrother, and two of his wives  \n• Also killed his teacher, the famous philosopher Seneca  \n• Fire in Rome (64 CE)  \n– Nero was accused of setting the fire, and of fiddling while the city burned  \n– Nero blamed the fire on the new religious group known as “Christians”  \n• Forced to commit suicide  \nSlide 13  \nSlide 14  \nSlide 15  \nYear of the Four Emperors  \n(69 C","cbCaiqWwMGE5SvRJ","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiqWwMGE5SvRJ","pdf",387448,14,"English","# The Rise and Fall of the Roman Empire\n## Roman Republic and Roman Empire\n## Octavian Becomes Augustus\n## Pax Romana – Roman Peace\n## Roman Emperors after Augustus\n## Year of the Four Emperors\n## Vespasian, Trajan, and Hadrian\n## Review Questions","[{\"question\":\"What are the date ranges for the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire?\",\"answer\":\"The Roman Republic is dated 509 BCE–30 BCE, while the Roman Empire is dated 30 BCE–476 CE in the notes.\"},{\"question\":\"What does the Latin phrase “primus inter pares” mean, and how did Augustus use the idea?\",\"answer\":\"“Primus inter pares” means “first among equals.” Augustus and later emperors maintained the appearance of elected officials, giving the illusion of equal standing among senators while emperors held real control.\"},{\"question\":\"How were Jewish revolts connected to the empire, and what were the causes and outcomes mentioned?\",\"answer\":\"The notes describe the First Jewish Revolt (66–70 CE) involving destruction connected to Jerusalem and carried out by Titus. They also describe the Second Jewish Revolt (Bar Kokhba Revolt, 132–136 CE), including defeat, forced departure from Jerusalem, and links to the start of the Jewish Diaspora.\"}]","The Rise and Fall of the Roman Empire - Student Handouts Review Questions | PDF",1792385074,35]