[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-145411-en":3,"doc-seo-145411-105":30,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":92},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":4,"category_id":11,"category_name":12,"doc_title":13,"doc_description":14,"doc_content":15,"file_id":16,"file_url":17,"file_type":18,"file_size":19,"view_count":20,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":20,"is_downloadable":20,"audit_status":20,"page_count":21,"language":22,"language_code":23,"site_id":24,"html_lang":23,"table_of_contents":25,"faqs":26,"seo_title":27,"seo_description":14,"update_tm":28,"read_time":29},145411,7971461740909,"Levi","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_155a257f0dc6eb9ab79c44ca47cae57d",10,"Lifestyle","The Riddle of the Apostle Islands","文章以Apostle Islands为核心，探讨“荒野”如何在保持自然野性与承认人类历史之间达成张力：它虽符合1964年《荒野法》的若干法定标准，却并非完全“未被触碰”，Ojibwe长期居住与祭祀传统、19世纪航标、渔业、采伐与旅游痕迹共同塑造了岛屿的社会记忆。作者强调这些人类影响并不否定野性，反而体现“rewilding”（再野化）的能力，使自然在给予自由后持续自我维系，并引出“是否纳入国家荒野保护体系”的关键讨论。","# The Riddle of the Apostle Islands\n\nHow do γou manage a wilderness full of human stories?  \nTHE APOSTLE ISLANDs are not on the way to anywhere.I man-attracted much attention,its implications reach far beyond theaged to grow up in southern Wisconsin,and even to fall in love Apostle Islands.Anyone committed to rethinking human rela-with the wild beauty of Lake Superior,without ever journeying to tionships with nature should pay attention to its findings.the northernmost tip of the state.There,the Bayfield Peninsula  \nIn the I970 act that created it,the Lakeshore was dedicated tojuts out into the cold waters of the lake and an archipelago of the“protection of scenic,scientific,historic,geological,andtwenty-two small wooded islands lies just offshore.Not until aarchaeological features contributing to public education,inspi-few years ago did I find myself,almost by accident,gazing out atration,and enjoyment.\"Since then,millions of Americans havethose islands and realizing I had found one of the places on thiscome to appreciate the subtle,ever-changing beauty of thegood Earth where I feel most at home.I have been hauntingislands.Designating the Apostles as wilderness will be a mile-them in all seasons ever since.stone in the ongoing effort to protect them for future genera-There is nothing especially dramatic about the Apostles.Intions,and will constitute an important addition to our Nationalsome places,they meet the lake with narrow,pebble-coveredWilderness Preservation System in a region where far too littlebeaches rising steeply to meet the forest behind.Elsewhere,theyland has received such protection.Look at a map of legal wilder-present low sandstone cliffs,brown-red in hue,that have been soness in the United States,and for the most part you will see asculpted by the action of wave and ice that one never tires ofvast blank expanse between the Appalachians and the Rockies.studying their beauty.In a few places where the geology is justAt a minimum,the Apostles can serve as a reminder that theright,the lake has widened crevices to form deep caves whereMiddle West also is a place of wildness,despite the commonkayakers can make their way into darkness and listen to the riseprejudice that nothing here deserves that label.and fall of water on stone.Northern hardwood forest,swamp,On the surface,there seems little reason to doubt that manymarsh,and shore are the primary habitats,with nesting birdof the Apostles meet the legal criteria specified by the I964colonies in the cliffs and a peripatetic population of black bearsWilderness Act.Most visitors who wander these islands,whetherthat is surprisingly unfazed by the need to swim from island toby water or land,experience them,in the words of that Act,“asisland despite the notoriously cold temperatures of the lake.an area where the earth and its community of life are untram-meled by man,where man himself is a visitor who does notremain.\"Permanent improvements and human habitations arefew,and those that do exist are often so subtle that many visitorsfail to notice them.Whether one sails,kayaks,boats,hikes,orcamps,opportunities for solitude are easy to find.Wild nature iseverywhere.  \nFor nearly thirty-five years,these lands and waters have beenprotected by the federal government as Apostle Islands NationalLakeshore—a legacy of Wisconsin Senator Gaylord Nelson,father of Earth Day in I970.Sometime later this year,theNational Park Service will issue recommendations for futuremanagement of the park.Although the NPS study recommend-ing wilderness designation for the Apostles(spearheaded byanother Wisconsin senator,Russ Feingold)has not thus far  \nAnd yet:the Apostle Islands also have a deep human historythat has profoundly altered the“untouched”nature that visitors  \nfind here.The archipelago has been inhabited by Ojibwe peoplesfor centuries,and remains the spiritual homeland of the RedCliff and Bad River Ojibwe bands whose reservations lie justacross the water.Ojibwe people continue to gather ","cbCaigTeCGqQXdXQ","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaigTeCGqQXdXQ","pdf",607884,1,7,"English","en",105,"# The Riddle of the Apostle Islands\n## Wilderness and legal criteria\n## Human history and rewilding\n## Should the Lakeshore be designated wilderness?","[{\"question\":\"Apostle Islands为什么会被视为“荒野”的候选？\",\"answer\":\"文章指出它符合1964年《荒野法》所规定的若干条件：土地与生态更接近“未经修整的自然状态”，并且为游客提供大量偏远与独处的机会。\"},{\"question\":\"作者如何看待Apostle Islands并非“未被触碰”的事实？\",\"answer\":\"作者认为，岛屿在历史上确实经历过人类活动与改变，但这并不会削弱其野性，反而强调野生自然与人类历史在这里密切交织。\"},{\"question\":\"“rewilding（再野化）”在文中指什么？\",\"answer\":\"它指岛屿在过去的人类影响之后，逐渐进入一种自然再自我恢复与重塑的过程，使野生自然在获得足够自由后持续维持并繁荣。\"}]","The Riddle of the Apostle Islands | 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