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Seattle School District No. 1 (2007) compelled districts to reconsider how to integrate students without using race as the single assignment factor. Some districts already applied race-neutral assignment approaches, while others began exploring options that preserve diversity under new constraints. This study analyzes how policy design, local context, and implementation interact across three voluntary-choice, SES-based integration plans.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/the-relationship-between-policy-design-context-and-implementation-in-integration-plans-article/602416/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/the-relationship-between-policy-design-context-and-implementation-in-integration-plans-article/602416.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"pixelkiddo","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-30","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":34},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What did the Supreme Court decision in 2007 change for school districts?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"It required districts to develop new ways to integrate schools without using race as the sole factor in assignment plans.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"What factors did the study examine across the integration plans?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"The study examined the relationship among policy design, context, and implementation in three different voluntary-choice and SES-based integration plans.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What do the findings suggest about integration plans?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Geographic and political contexts influence how voluntary-choice and SES-based integration plans are shaped, adopted, and maintained.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},602416,1792641391,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":34,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145},962090883892,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/e00115db34f3e0f11b?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1790152879550218658","| education policy analysis archives\u003Cbr>A peer-reviewed, independent, open access, multilingual journal | \u003Cbr>Arizona State University |\n| --- | --- |\n| Volume 20 Number 23 August 13th 2012 ISSN 1068-2341 |  |\n\nThe Relationship between Policy Design, Context, and Implementation in Integration Plans  \nSarah Diem  \nUniversity of Missouri-Columbia  \nCitation: Diem, S. (2012). The Relationship between Policy Design, Context, and Implementation in Integration Plans. Education Policy Analysis Archives, 20 (23) . Retrieved [date], from [http://epaa.asu.edu/ojs/article/view/958](http://epaa.asu.edu/ojs/article/view/958)  \nAbstract: The decision handed down by the U.S. Supreme Court in Parents Involved in Community Schools v. Seattle School District No. 1 (2007) has forced school districts to begin thinking of new ways to integrate their schools without relying on race as the single factor in their assignment plans. While some school districts already have begun to implement race-neutral student assignments, others are just beginning the process and are looking to plans that have been able to maintain diversity despite the new limitations being placed on them. In an effort to understand factors critical in shaping racial and socioeconomic diversity in school districts given the new requisite limitations, this study examined the relationship between the design, context, and implementation of three different integration plans that rely on voluntary choice and socioeconomic status (SES) . The findings suggest that geographic and political contexts matter in the shaping and adoption of integration plans based on voluntary choice and SES. Suggestions are offered to help maintain integration given the local sociopolitical context of the school districts.  \nKeywords: case studies; desegregation plans; educational policy; racial integration; school choice; segregation; social class integration  \nLa relación entre el diseño de políticas, el contexto y la aplicación de los planes deintegración  \nJournal website: [http://epaa.asu.edu/ojs/ ](http://epaa.asu.edu/ojs/  Manuscript)[ Manuscript](http://epaa.asu.edu/ojs/  Manuscript) received: 05/12/2011  \nFacebook: /EPAAAAPE Revisions received: 02/02/2012  \nTwitter: @epaa_aape Accepted: 05/20/2012  \nEducation Policy Analysis Archives Vol. 20 No. 23 2  \nResumen: La decisión dictada por la Corte Suprema de EE.UU. en el caso de “Padres Involucrados en Escuelas Comunitarias contra el Distrito Escolar de Seattle No. 1 (2007)”ha obligado a los distritos escolares a pensar en nuevas formas de integrar sus escuelas sin depender de la raza como factor en su los planes de integración. Mientras que algunos distritos escolares ya han comenzado a implementar planes “racialmente neutrales” paraincorporar estudiantes, otros apenas están empezando el proceso y está buscandoestrategias capaces de mantener la diversidad a pesar de las nuevas limitaciones que se les imponen. En un esfuerzo por comprender los factores críticos en la formación de la diversidad racial y socioeconómica en los distritos escolares, dadas las limitaciones necesarias nuevas, este estudio examinó la relación entre el diseño, el contexto y la aplicación de tres planes de integración diferentes que dependen de la elección voluntaria yel estatus socioeconómico (SES) . Los hallazgos sugieren que la materia contextos geográficos y políticos en la elaboración y adopción de planes de integración basado en la elección voluntaria y SES. Se ofrecen sugerencias para ayudar a mantener la integración, dado el contexto socio-político local, de los distritos escolares.  \nPalabras clave: estudios de caso, planes de lucha contra la segregación, política educativa, la integración racial, la elección de la escuela, segregación, integración de clases sociales.  \nA relação entre o contexto político, concepção e implementação de planos de integração Resumo: A decisão proferida pela Suprema Corte dos EUA no caso “Pais envolvidos em escolas comunitárias contra a Escola","cbCainuMrM6etY2E","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCainuMrM6etY2E","pdf",364271,39,"English","# Introduction\n# Abstract and Keywords\n# Study Scope and Findings","[{\"question\":\"What did the Supreme Court decision in 2007 change for school districts?\",\"answer\":\"It required districts to develop new ways to integrate schools without using race as the sole factor in assignment plans.\"},{\"question\":\"What factors did the study examine across the integration plans?\",\"answer\":\"The study examined the relationship among policy design, context, and implementation in three different voluntary-choice and SES-based integration plans.\"},{\"question\":\"What do the findings suggest about integration plans?\",\"answer\":\"Geographic and political contexts influence how voluntary-choice and SES-based integration plans are shaped, adopted, and maintained.\"}]","The Relationship between Policy Design, Context, and Implementation in Integration Plans - Article | PDF",1792094638,98]