[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-591702-105":59,"doc-detail-591702-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","the-relationship-between-iranian-intermediate-efl-learners-speaking-skill-self-actualization-and-creativity","The Relationship between Iranian Intermediate EFL Learners’ Speaking Skill, Self-Actualization and Creativity","","Investigates how self-actualization and creativity relate to speaking skill in Iranian intermediate EFL learners, and whether these variables interact in predicting oral performance. Intermediate students were homogenized via an Oxford Placement Test, then completed self-actualization and creativity questionnaires. Participants delivered a lecture on general and controversial topics, after which speaking-skill scores and questionnaire data were analyzed using SPSS. Results show significant relationships and that creativity better predicts speaking skill, supporting increased attention to both psychological factors to enhance learners’ speaking performance.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/the-relationship-between-iranian-intermediate-efl-learners-speaking-skill-self-actualization-and-creativity/591702/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/the-relationship-between-iranian-intermediate-efl-learners-speaking-skill-self-actualization-and-creativity/591702.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Dipper","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-21","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":81},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What was the purpose of the study?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"To examine the relationship between self-actualization and speaking skill, the relationship between creativity and speaking skill, and how both variables interact to predict speaking ability in intermediate EFL learners.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How were participants and data collected?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Students were first classified as intermediate using an Oxford Placement Test, then completed self-actualization and creativity questionnaires. They also delivered a lecture on general and controversial topics, and speaking-skill scores were analyzed with SPSS.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"Which predictor—self-actualization or creativity—explained speaking skill better?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Creativity was found to be a better predictor of intermediate EFL learners’ speaking skill, although both variables could meaningfully predict speaking performance.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},591702,1792190508,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":81,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145},1374404997633,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_a8503ba1806abce46bf441b54a3ca4cd","Anatolian Journal of Education e-ISSN: 2547-9652  \nApril 2020 ● Vol.5, No.1 [www.e-aje.net](www.e-aje.net)[ ](www.e-aje.net)pp. 91-104  \nThe Relationship between Iranian Intermediate EFL Learners’ Speaking Skill, SelfActualization and Creativity  \nSaeede Torabi  \nM.A., Teaching English as a Foreign Language, Islamic Azad University, North Tehran Branch, Iran , [saeede.torabi@yahoo.com](saeede.torabi@yahoo.com)  \nThe present study aimed to investigate the relationship between self-actualization (SA) and speaking skill, creativity (C) and speaking skill, and also the interaction of both creativity and self-actualization and speaking skill to find out which of the two variables of SA or C can better predict speaking skill of the intermediate EFL learners. In so doing, after homogenizing the students as Intermediate ones via an Oxford Placement Test (OPT), two questionnaires of SA (Jones & Crandall, 1986) and Creativity (Torrence, 1990) were administered to 72 intermediate students. Having administered the questionnaires, the researcher required the subjects to deliver a lecture on general and controversial topics. The data collected from the questionnaires as well asthe scores given to their speaking skill were analyzed through SPSS (21.00) . Results indicated that there was statistically significant relationship between SA and speaking skill and between Cand speaking skill. Results also indicated that both variables of SA and C can meaningfully predict intermediate English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learners’ speaking skill; however, C was a better predictor of speaking skill. The findings ofthe present study demonstrated that more concentration is needed to be placed on these two psychological factors in order to enhance students’ speaking performances.  \nKeywords: creativity, EFL learners, intermediate level, self-actualization, speaking skill  \nINTRODUCTION  \nThe study of creativity, as a cognitive factor, which influences language teaching and learning has been the focus of many studies (e.g., Albert & Kormos, 2011; Arifani, & Suryanti, 2019; Cole, Sugioka, & Lynch, 1999; Ebrahimi, Heydarnejad, & Najjari, 2018) . As the result of this change in focus, individual differences have widely gained importance as they are considered to play a vital role in helping learners to have better achievement in language learning. Developing learning experiences that facilitate self-actualization and creativity is among the most important goals of our society in preparation for the future.  \nSelf-actualization is a process that involves change and growth, dynamic goal selection (Rule, 1991), and discovering oneself. University students are in a period of frequent change and explorations which demands targeting different goals and exploring a variety of strivings. A quick review of the global literature shows that little attention is given to psychological factors which are very crucial in foreign and second language learning. In other words, learning can be accelerated in a more psychologically friendly environment. Students also should be informed about their level of creativity and selfactualization and in case they are suffering from a shortage in either of these two psychological factors, they should be carefully guided. Learners’ psychological factors should also be taken into account when being assessed in their classes. Schools in Iran are rarely aware of these psychological factors which can hinder the language learners’ psychological situations.  \nCitation: Torabi, S. (2020) . The Relationship between Iranian Intermediate EFL Learners’ Speaking Skill, SelfActualization and Creativity. Anatolian Journal of Education, 5(1), 91-104. [https://doi.org/10.29333/aje.2020.519a](https://doi.org/10.29333/aje.2020.519a)  \n92 The Relationship between Iranian Intermediate EFL …  \nDespite a long-standing self-actualization philosophies of education (e.g., Broudy, 1954; Butler, 1966; Farmer, 1983), this vision has not found its way into contempor","cbCaikF2i70OoSo0","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaikF2i70OoSo0","pdf",561109,14,"English","# Introduction\n## Creativity and individual differences in language learning\n## Self-actualization and educational psychology factors\n## Research gap and study purpose","[{\"question\":\"What was the purpose of the study?\",\"answer\":\"To examine the relationship between self-actualization and speaking skill, the relationship between creativity and speaking skill, and how both variables interact to predict speaking ability in intermediate EFL learners.\"},{\"question\":\"How were participants and data collected?\",\"answer\":\"Students were first classified as intermediate using an Oxford Placement Test, then completed self-actualization and creativity questionnaires. They also delivered a lecture on general and controversial topics, and speaking-skill scores were analyzed with SPSS.\"},{\"question\":\"Which predictor—self-actualization or creativity—explained speaking skill better?\",\"answer\":\"Creativity was found to be a better predictor of intermediate EFL learners’ speaking skill, although both variables could meaningfully predict speaking performance.\"}]","The Relationship between Iranian Intermediate EFL Learners’ Speaking Skill, Self-Actualization and Creativity | PDF",1792073023,35]