[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-373816-105":59,"doc-detail-373816-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","the-relationship-between-climate-change-and-breast-cancer-and-its-management-and-preventative-implications-in-south-africa","The Relationship Between Climate Change and Breast Cancer and Its Management and Preventative Implications in South Africa","","This review explores the implications of climate change for breast cancer management and prevention, emphasizing global strategies and interventions applicable across contexts including South Africa. Climate change is treated as a major global health concern with wide-ranging effects on disease risk. Systematic synthesis of epidemiological research examines how environmental changes such as rising temperatures, altered precipitation, and greater exposure to pollutants relate to breast cancer incidence. Findings suggest potential links involving heat stress, air and water pollution, endocrine-disrupting chemicals, and environment-driven lifestyle shifts, supporting integrated public health action. Further work is urged to clarify underlying biological pathways and develop targeted interventions.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/the-relationship-between-climate-change-and-breast-cancer-and-its-management-and-preventative-implications-in-south-africa/373816/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/the-relationship-between-climate-change-and-breast-cancer-and-its-management-and-preventative-implications-in-south-africa/373816.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Guten tag","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-24","2026-09-23",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":34},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What is the main purpose of the review?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"The review evaluates how climate change affects breast cancer management and prevention, focusing on strategies and interventions that can be applied in different settings, including South Africa.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How did the authors collect and analyze the evidence?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"They conducted a comprehensive literature search using terms such as “breast cancer,” “climate change,” “air pollution,” “water pollution,” “global warming,” and “greenhouse effect,” and synthesized epidemiological studies linking environmental changes to breast cancer risk.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"Which climate-related factors are highlighted as potentially associated with breast cancer risk?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"The review identifies possible links involving heat stress, air and water pollution, endocrine-disrupting chemicals, and lifestyle changes influenced by environmental shifts.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},373816,1790534469,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":34,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145},687212321768,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/a0010bdbe886d2fe77?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1789897067658708522","Review  \nThe Relationship Between Climate Change and Breast Cancer and Its Management and Preventative Implications in South Africa  \nPululu Sexton Mahasa 1,2, *, Muambangu Jean Paul Milambo 1,3, Sibusiso Frank Nkosi 1,4, Geofrey Mukwada 2, Martin Munene Nyaga 5 and Solomon Gebremariam Tesfamichael 6  \nAcademic Editor: Manhai Long  \nReceived: 14 May 2025  \nRevised: 31 July 2025  \nAccepted: 31 July 2025  \nPublished: 25 September 2025  \nCitation: Mahasa, P.S.; Milambo, M.J.P.; Nkosi, S.F.; Mukwada, G.; Nyaga, M.M.; Tesfamichael, S.G. The Relationship Between Climate Change and Breast Cancer and Its Management and Preventative Implications in South Africa. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2025, 22, 1486. [https://doi.org/10.3390/](https://doi.org/10.3390/)[ ](https://doi.org/10.3390/)ijerph22101486  \nCopyright: © 2025 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ([https://creativecommons.org/](https://creativecommons.org/)[ ](https://creativecommons.org/)[licenses/by/4.0/](licenses/by/4.0/)) .  \n1 Division of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa; [jeanpaulmilambo2@gmail.com](jeanpaulmilambo2@gmail.com) (M.J.P.M.); [mpumalangaepidemiologyresearch@gmail.com](mpumalangaepidemiologyresearch@gmail.com) (S.F.N.)  \n2 Department of Geography, University of the Free State, Qwaqwa Campus, Phuthaditjhaba 9866, South Africa; [gmukwada@gmail.com](gmukwada@gmail.com)  \n3 Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha 5117, South Africa  \n4 Mpumalanga Department of Health, Carolina 1185, South Africa  \n5 Next Generation Sequencing Unit, Division of Virology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa; [nyagamm@ufs.ac.za](nyagamm@ufs.ac.za)  \n6 Department of Geography, Environmental Management and Energy Studies, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg 2006, South Africa; [sgtesfamichael@uj.ac.za](sgtesfamichael@uj.ac.za)  \n* [Correspondence: mahasaps@ufs.ac.za or mahasapululusexton@gmail.com](Correspondence: mahasaps@ufs.ac.za or mahasapululusexton@gmail.com); Tel.: +27-587185036  \nAbstract  \nThis review aims to explore the implications of climate change for breast cancer management and prevention, with a focus on global strategies and interventions that can be applied in various contexts, including South Africa. Climate change has emerged as a significant global health concern, with far-reaching implications for various diseases, including cancer. This systematic review aims to synthesise epidemiological research examining the relationship between climate change and the incidence of breast cancer. We conducted a comprehensive literature search using main search terms, including “breast cancer,”“climate change,” “air pollution,” “water pollution,” “global warming,” and “greenhouse effect,” supplemented by the general term “breast” cancer across multiple databases. Our analysis identified studies that link environmental changes—such as rising temperatures, altered precipitation patterns, and increased exposure to pollutants—with breast cancer risk. Our findings highlight a potential association between climate-related factors, including heat stress, air and water pollution, endocrine-disrupting chemicals, and lifestyle changes influenced by environmental shifts, and the epidemiology of breast cancer. This review underscores the need for an integrated approach that incorporates climate science into public health strategies to mitigate breast cancer risk. By elucidating these connections, we aim to inform policymakers and healthcare professionals about the importance of addressing climate change not just as an environmental issue, but as a pressing determinant of health that may exacerbate canc","cbCaithwZV2HAA2M","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaithwZV2HAA2M","pdf",828137,32,"English","# Abstract\n# Introduction","[{\"question\":\"What is the main purpose of the review?\",\"answer\":\"The review evaluates how climate change affects breast cancer management and prevention, focusing on strategies and interventions that can be applied in different settings, including South Africa.\"},{\"question\":\"How did the authors collect and analyze the evidence?\",\"answer\":\"They conducted a comprehensive literature search using terms such as “breast cancer,” “climate change,” “air pollution,” “water pollution,” “global warming,” and “greenhouse effect,” and synthesized epidemiological studies linking environmental changes to breast cancer risk.\"},{\"question\":\"Which climate-related factors are highlighted as potentially associated with breast cancer risk?\",\"answer\":\"The review identifies possible links involving heat stress, air and water pollution, endocrine-disrupting chemicals, and lifestyle changes influenced by environmental shifts.\"}]","The Relationship Between Climate Change and Breast Cancer and Its Management and Preventative Implications in South Africa | PDF",1790200536,81]