[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-148717-105":59,"doc-detail-148717-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","the-reactivity-series-and-corrosion-of-metals-study-notes-and-reaction-examples","The Reactivity Series and Corrosion of Metals - study notes and reaction examples","","The document explains how the reactivity series ranks metals by how readily they undergo reactions. Higher reactivity leads to faster, more vigorous and more exothermic reactions, a greater tendency to form positive ions, and a harder reverse reaction. It links reactivity to extraction from ores, including carbon reduction limits above carbon and frequent reliance on electrolysis, and describes how metals above hydrogen react with acids while others require different methods.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":30,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/technology/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/the-reactivity-series-and-corrosion-of-metals-study-notes-and-reaction-examples/148717/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/the-reactivity-series-and-corrosion-of-metals-study-notes-and-reaction-examples/148717.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Clementine","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-09-11","2026-08-26",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":8},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"How does the reactivity series determine which metal is more reactive?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"Metals higher in the reactivity series are more reactive, giving faster, more vigorous and more exothermic reactions. Reactivity also correlates with a metal’s tendency to form positive ions and with how difficult it is to reverse the reaction.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"Why do more reactive metals become harder to extract from their ores?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"For more reactive metals, the reverse reaction becomes more difficult. As a result, extraction from ores is harder, and the metals are more susceptible to corrosion with oxygen and water.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"How do reactivity levels affect the method used to extract metals from ores?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Metals above carbon cannot usually be extracted by carbon reduction and must generally be extracted by electrolysis. Metals below carbon can be extracted by heating the oxide with carbon or carbon monoxide, while metals below hydrogen do not displace hydrogen from acids and require heating the oxide in hydrogen.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},148717,1787783599,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":29,"category_name":30,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":8,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":39,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":129,"read_time":46},1374391974564,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/14000253aa45c000a9e?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1779874745381141002","For Live Classes, Recorded Lectures, Notes & Past Papers visit:  \n[www.megalecture.com](www.megalecture.com)  \nThe Reactivity Series and Corrosion of Metals  \nThe higher the metal in the series, the more reactive it is ie the faster, more vigorous and more exothermic the reaction.  \no At a more theoretical level,  \n􀂃 the more reactive a metal, the greater tendency it has to form its positive ion.  \n􀁸 This also implies that the reverse reaction becomes more difficult ie the more reactive a metal, the more difficult it is to extract from its ore and the metal is also more susceptible to corrosion with oxygen and water.  \n􀁸 The reactivity series can be established by observation of the reaction of metals with water, oxygen or acids (and also from simple cell experiments) .  \n􀁸 A metal in the series, can displace any metal below it in the series, from the less reactive metal's oxide, chloride or sulphate compound.  \no eg on heating the mixture of magnesium powder and black copper(II) oxide, white magnesium oxide is formed with brown bits of copper:  \n􀂃 Mg(s) + CuO(s) => MgO(s) + Cu(s)  \no or adding a metal to a salt solution eg adding magnesium to blue copper(II) sulphate solution, the blue colour fades as colourless magnesium sulphate is formed and brown bits of copper metal form a precipitate:  \n􀂃 Mg(s) + CuSO4(aq) => MgSO4(aq) + Cu(s)  \n􀂃 The electron transfer redox theory behind displacemet reactions is explained later.  \n􀁸 Some general word equations where the metal does react:  \no (a) metal + cold water => metal hydroxide + hydrogen (metals above aluminium)  \no (b) heated metal + steam => metal oxide + hydrogen (for metals above tin?)  \no (c) metal + acid => metal salt + hydrogen  \n􀂃 if the metal is at least as reactive as lead (see reactivity series list above left)  \n􀂃 and hydrochloric acid makes a metal chloride  \n􀂃 and sulphuric acid makes a metal sulphate  \n􀂃 reactions with nitric acid are complex, the nitrate is formed BUT the gas is rarely hydrogen, and more often an oxide of nitrogen (not usually studied at GCSE level these days) .  \n􀁸 Within the general Reactivity or Activity Series of Metals there are some Periodic Table Trends …  \no Down Group 1 (I) the \"Alkali Metals\" the activity increases Cs > Rb > K > Na > Li  \no Down Group 2 (II) the activity increases eg Ca > Mg  \no On the same period, the Group 1 metal is more reactive than the group 2 metal, and the group 2 metal is more reactive than the Group 3 metal, and all three are more reactive than the \"Transition Metals\" . eg Na > Mg > Al (on Period 3) and K > Ca > Ga > Fe/Cu/Zn etc. (on Period 4)  \n􀁸 The reactivity of a metal has an important bearing on the method by which a metal is extracted from its ore. Since prehistoric times, as technology has improved more and more, all metals can now be extracted and comments on when the metals were first isolated and used are added in the table below. If the metal is above carbon, it cannot be  \n[youtube.com/c/MegaLecture/](youtube.com/c/MegaLecture/)+92 336 7801123  \nFor Live Classes, Recorded Lectures, Notes & Past Papers visit:  \n[www.megalecture.com](www.megalecture.com)  \nextracted by carbon reduction and must be usually extracted by electrolysis.  \n􀁸 Two non-metals, carbon and hydrogen, are included in the table for comparison, and are important chemical reference points concerning the method of metal extraction and reactivity towards acids  \no Metals above carbon cannot usually be extracted by carbon or carbon monoxide reduction and are usually extracted by electrolysis  \no Metals below carbon in the series can be extracted by heating the oxide with carbon or carbon monoxide.  \no Metals below hydrogen will not displace hydrogen from acids and can be extracted by heating the oxide in hydrogen.  \n\n| METAL in\u003Cbr>decreasing reactivity order | Reactivity and Reactions |\n| --- | --- |\n|  |  |\n| Caesium\u003Cbr>Cs\u003Cbr>| 􀁸 Burns vigorously with a blue flame when heated in air to form the white powder caesium oxide.\u003Cbr>􀁸 4Cs(s) ","cbCaih4a1hZYCoYN","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaih4a1hZYCoYN","pdf",268226,"English","# The reactivity series and its meaning\n## Positive ion formation and reversibility\n## Displacement reactions and redox theory\n## General word equations with water, steam and acids\n# Periodic trends in metal reactivity\n## Group 1 and Group 2 trends\n## Period trends across a group period\n# Reactivity and metal extraction methods\n## Carbon reduction versus electrolysis\n## Reference points: carbon and hydrogen\n# Examples: highly reactive alkali metals\n## Caesium and rubidium reactions\n## Potassium and sodium reactivity patterns","[{\"question\":\"How does the reactivity series determine which metal is more reactive?\",\"answer\":\"Metals higher in the reactivity series are more reactive, giving faster, more vigorous and more exothermic reactions. Reactivity also correlates with a metal’s tendency to form positive ions and with how difficult it is to reverse the reaction.\"},{\"question\":\"Why do more reactive metals become harder to extract from their ores?\",\"answer\":\"For more reactive metals, the reverse reaction becomes more difficult. As a result, extraction from ores is harder, and the metals are more susceptible to corrosion with oxygen and water.\"},{\"question\":\"How do reactivity levels affect the method used to extract metals from ores?\",\"answer\":\"Metals above carbon cannot usually be extracted by carbon reduction and must generally be extracted by electrolysis. Metals below carbon can be extracted by heating the oxide with carbon or carbon monoxide, while metals below hydrogen do not displace hydrogen from acids and require heating the oxide in hydrogen.\"}]","The Reactivity Series and Corrosion of Metals - study notes and reaction examples | PDF"]